Description of the method
Electrical muscle stimulation is an internationally recognized clinical method of physiotherapy in specialties such as orthopedic and neurological rehabilitation. Applied to the central or peripheral partially damaged nerve, electrical stimulation may induce a muscle response in patients with limited or lost muscle activity. This method is an addition to physiotherapy and should be combined with active training, strength and coordination exercises. The method is simple and suitable for treatment both in a hospital and on an outpatient basis at home.
Operating principle
NMES stimulates the motor nerves to generate muscle contractions, as opposed to low frequency TENS which creates small muscle twitches. NMES also stimulates A-beta nerve fibers (as does TENS), which has an analgesic effect.
Examples of indications
- restoration of quadriceps function after surgery
- maintaining or increasing the range of active movements
- capillarization
- reduction of muscle atrophy/hypotrophy
- maintaining muscle strength during the period of immobilization
- prevention of loss of muscle strength after surgery, for example on vastus medialis
- reduction of spasticity, such as reciprocal inhibition of the flexor muscles of the arms in patients with hemiplegia
- training after partial peripheral nerve injury with reinnervation symptoms such as plexus injury
- peroneal muscle stimulation
- incontinence treatment
- anesthesia
- warm-up
- increased muscle strength
- recovery
Treatment by NMES method
Installation of electrodes
Correct placement of the electrodes is extremely important to achieve good results. The muscle contracts due to stimulation of the motor nerve. The motor point is the area on the skin that is closest to the point where the motor nerve enters the muscle. This is the most advantageous location for inducing contraction using electrical impulses. The NMES programs of Cefar stimulators generate a symmetrical biphasic wave, that is, the polarity is constantly changing. This means that both electrodes are equally active.
There are different methods for positioning the electrodes. The most optimal way is to install a pair of electrodes above the elevated area of a given muscle. By installing one electrode over the motor point of the muscle, you will get the strongest possible muscle contraction without discomfort. When installing electrodes over motor points different muscles You can effectively work large muscle groups.
What size electrodes should I choose?
A larger muscle group requires a larger electrode area. For a small muscle group, small electrodes are better suited, as they are more specific, which provides a higher current density (mA/cm2). Large muscle groups may also require dual-channel stimulation, which uses four electrodes simultaneously.
What pulse frequency and duration should I choose?
NMES usually operates at frequencies of 20-120 Hz. To increase blood circulation, choose frequencies up to 10 Hz. The goal is to induce vibrations, not contractions. Adjust the pulse duration relative to the amount of energy in each pulse. When stimulating a small muscle group, a short pulse (say 200 µs) is usually sufficient, while a long pulse (eg 400 µs) is used for a large muscle group.
NMES 20-70 Hz
1.Lift
2.Stimulation period
3.Recession
4.Pause
The illustration above demonstrates electrical stimulation of a muscle. Begins with a lifting phase (1), during which the contraction gradually increases, reaching a maximum contraction in the stimulation phase (2). In the decline phase (3), stimulation gradually weakens and enters a rest phase, in which stimulation stops or is at a moderate level (active rest). Leisure prevents muscle injury and prepares the muscle for the next contraction. Stimulation with regular pauses is called intermittent.
What sensations should stimulation cause?
The purpose of NMES is to induce muscle contractions. Increase the amplitude above the somatosensory barrier until you see a motor response. The patient often experiences an electrical contraction greater than a voluntary contraction. But contractions should not cause discomfort.
Testing the electrode installation position.
The motor point finding electrode and gel help determine the optimal location for electrode application. By sliding the movable electrode over the surface of the skin, you find the position with the maximum and most comfortable muscle contraction. Often the patient needs to get used to the stimulation, and the first sessions may not reach therapeutic intensity. During the course of treatment, the intensity of stimulation should gradually increase. At the first session, a short session may be conducted to determine the patient's response. Excessively strong muscle contractions caused by electrical stimulation can injure a muscle that is not prepared for the load. A gradual increase in load and regularity of exercises ensure a good treatment result.
To achieve good results, NMES can be combined with other types muscle training. Muscle stimulation can act both in the phase of concentric and eccentric movement, or only in one of them. It depends on how you combine stimulation with voluntary movements.
What should be the duration of treatment?
Depending on the condition of the muscles and the phase of rehabilitation of the patient, treatment can last from 5 to 60 minutes and be repeated from three times a week to twice a day. In order to intensify the treatment, you can gradually increase the duration of stimulation depending on the pause. You can also increase the amplitude, frequency and/or duration of the pulse.
Denervated muscles.
Stimulation of denervated muscles differs from stimulation of muscles with preserved innervation.
If the innervation of the muscle is preserved, you can stimulate through the motor nerve, but if the muscle is denervated, you must stimulate the muscle fibers directly to induce contraction. The goal of stimulating denervated muscles is to maintain their contractile units while awaiting possible reinnervation. To generate a contraction, the pulse duration is 100-300 ms. Rectangular pulses are used for completely denervated muscles, while triangular or trapezoidal pulses are used for partially denervated muscles. This helps to separate fibers with preserved innervation and denervated ones.
Switch.
To adjust the duration of the pause and stimulation periods, you can use the switch during electrical stimulation. The switch is especially practical when electrical muscle contractions are combined with voluntary contractions. The result is effective individual treatment.
Installation of electrodes.
Here are some examples of electrode placement for the most common indications. For NMES there is no difference in the position of the red and black electrodes.
Shoulder – subluxation and abnormal abduction
Indication:
1. Functional subluxation of the shoulder after stroke.
2. Reduced function of the shoulder muscles after a fracture, dislocation, etc.
Installation of electrodes: Place one electrode on the middle of the deltoid muscle and the other on the supraspinatus muscle. The position of the electrodes and the type of stimulation may vary depending on the type of subluxation.
Shoulder area– dysfunction of the triceps
Indication:
1. Decreased triceps function, for example after stroke.
2. Fracture in the elbow joint.
Installation of electrodes: Place one pair of electrodes on the triceps.
Torso, lower back – training the spinal erector muscles
Indication: Pain/weakness in the lumbar region
Installation of electrodes: Install two pairs of electrodes in the lumbar region paravertebrally along the erector spinae muscles on both sides.
Torso – training the abdominal muscles
Indication: decreased function of the rectus abdominis muscles.
Installation of electrodes: Place two pairs of electrodes on the rectus abdominis muscles on both sides.
Forearm – impaired strength/hypotrophy of wrist extensors
Indication:
1. Impaired wrist extension and/or flexor spasticity after a stroke, etc.
2. Decreased function of the wrist extensors after a fracture, etc.
Installation of electrodes: Place a pair of electrodes over the wrist extensor muscles.
Knee joint - instability
Indications:
1. Postoperative period after plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint.
2. Extensor contracture of the knee joint.
Electrode placement: Place one pair of electrodes over the quadriceps.
Knee joint – muscle imbalance
Indication: Muscle imbalance of the medial head relative to the lateral head of the quadriceps.
Installation of electrodes: Place one pair of electrodes over the medial head.
Hip area – Positive Trendelenburg sign
Indication: 1. Positive Trendelenburg sign. 2. Decreased function of the hip abductor muscles after central disorders such as stroke.
Installation of electrodes: Place one pair of electrodes over the hip abductor and flexor muscles.
Lower leg area – dysfunction of the Achilles tendon
Indication: Dysfunction of the Achilles tendon.
Electrode placement: Place one pair of electrodes over the calf muscle.
Lower leg area – decreased strength of the foot flexors
Indication: Decreased dorsal flexion, spasticity.
Electrode placement: 1. One electrode over the exit of the peroneal nerve just below the head fibula, and the other on the anterior surface of the tibia. 2. Both electrodes on the anterior surface of the tibia.
Contraindications
1.Patients with a pacemaker, intracardiac defibrillator, or other active implants should not be treated with NMES methods.
2. Perform the exercise carefully in the first trimester of pregnancy.
3.In a pregnant woman, never connect a pair of electrodes across the abdominal cavity.
4. Do not perform stimulation near the carotid glomus, in the projection of the throat near the carotid artery, as this is dangerous due to a drop in pressure.
5.Do not perform stimulation during periods of acute inflammation and acute blood loss.
6.Use extreme caution when stimulating patients with lymphatic disease.
7. If there are contraindications to loading a tendon or muscle.
Go to CATALOG
Manufacturers of the myostimulator claim that with its help you can remove extra pounds without grueling diets and exercises. The device, simulating signals from the central nervous system, has a beneficial effect on the muscles in certain areas of the body where the sensors are located, as a result of which they begin to work. Let's take a closer look at what benefits the use of the device brings and whether there is any harm from it.
What is a myostimulator, types and purpose of the device
This is a medical device with which you can perform myostimulation. It is expressed in the fact that a person is exposed to current pulses with different frequencies. Other procedures can be performed using this device.
It all depends on the frequency and strength with which the current will affect a person. This determines the effect the device provides.
Myostimulators are:
- Wireless. You can wear them throughout the day. They operate on batteries, and therefore cannot have a strong effect on tissues and break down fat. The effect of their use is negligible.
- Stationary. Consist of a power supply, control center and sensors. May be professional or semi-professional. Effectively affects fat cells and breaks them down. With the help of such devices, you can quite successfully correct your figure.
The benefits of myostimulator and myostimulation for the body
When used correctly, the device can effectively treat:
- CNS lesions;
- enuresis;
- joint pathologies;
- vascular diseases;
- bedsores;
- scoliosis.
The myostimulator is often used to prevent the appearance of edema, for fractures, sprains and bruises. With myostimulation, the rehabilitation period is shortened and pain disappears. The effectiveness of the device in treating the gastrointestinal tract, normalizing blood flow and muscle tone has been proven.
The device will help muscles quickly recover after stress on the body. Maximum effect will be the case when a professional device is used and the external devices are accurately distributed on the body. The procedure should be performed by an experienced doctor, a physiotherapist.
You should not use myostimulators on your own, as negative reactions may occur, for example, irritation and burns of the skin at the site where the electrodes are installed, discomfort during use of the device or after the procedure.
Figure correction
With this procedure, a myostimulator improves muscle tone. A special program is used for this. The device emits waves in a specific sequence and combination. First, a relaxation program is carried out, during which the cells are warmed up, and then lymphatic drainage.
Often after such procedures, the skin at the site where the electrodes are installed does not look its best. Here you will need to tighten it. This manipulation is also performed using a myostimulator.
Fat removal
This procedure, unfortunately, cannot completely remove subcutaneous fat and make an athletic figure. The device only stimulates the muscles and prevents them from atrophying.
Lift
The device is capable of tightening the skin on the face and chin. It also reduces the depth of wrinkles. The impulses released by the device warm the tissues and stimulate their contraction.
When using a myostimulator, a person needs to make a minimum of effort. The procedures are easily performed using professional devices.
Harm and side effects
If portable devices are used incorrectly and for a long time, they can cause harm. In this case, stationary devices can become killers. When the heart is in the path of current flow, it can cause it to stop.
It is worth refusing to use cheap models of myostimulators. Poor-quality manufacturing materials lead to skin damage at the site where the electrodes are installed. Incorrect programs emit harmful impulses that will negatively affect the functioning of organs and cause exacerbation of chronic pathologies or the formation of tumors.
Problems usually arise when used by those who purchased a myostimulator for private use on the open market without a certificate. If used incorrectly, portable devices may not produce any results or cause complications. Therefore, for those who do not have experience with such a device, it is better not to use it.
Contraindications
These devices have their contraindications. Therefore, before starting to use them, you should consult your doctor. The most common contraindications:
- myocardial diseases;
- pregnancy;
- stones in the kidneys;
- chronic alcoholism;
- mental disorders;
- oncology;
- inflammatory processes;
- pathologies of the endocrine system;
- tuberculosis;
- increased sensitivity of the body to the impulses of the device;
- thrombophlebitis;
- circulatory disorders;
- hernia;
- epilepsy.
You should stop using a myostimulator if you have a pacemaker in your body.
Electrodes should not be placed in the groin area. The device can increase blood flow to the pelvic organs. Severe consequences may occur.
Before using the device during lactation, you should also consult your doctor. After a stroke, to restore limb function, it is recommended to use myostimulation only as prescribed by a specialist.
When using the device yourself, you need to know simple rules:
- Skin contact with the electrodes should be tight.
- The duration of the session is no more than 30 minutes.
- There should be no contraindications.
- 1 hour before the procedure you do not need to eat.
What are the benefits of using a myostimulator, and what are the dangers? Let's find out the whole truth about myostimulators from a video from Vladimir Molodov:
It is worth noting that this device can have positive impact on the body when used correctly with the participation of a specialist. Otherwise, the myostimulator will become dangerous for a person and can lead to his death. The first sessions should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.
In contact with
Electrical stimulation (physiostimulation, electromyostimulation, myostimulation, myolifting) is a physiotherapeutic method related to rehabilitation treatment, which is based on electrical stimulation of muscle and nervous tissue. It is carried out by transmitting current with certain characteristics from the myostimulator to a certain area of the body through electrodes.
The electrical stimulation technique is widely used for the recovery of patients after injuries and pathologies. nervous system(peripheral and central), muscle hypotonicity, in cosmetology and professional sports.
Myostimulation means the use of stationary, fixed electrodes and current, the intensity of which makes it possible to obtain visible contractions of muscle tissue. Myolifting involves exposure to the skin of movable electrodes, which do not lead to visible contractions of muscle fibers, but are felt as the passage of current.
Mechanism of action
Action pulse current mainly aimed at the tone and speed of response of muscle tissue.
When an electric current is applied to muscles or nerves, their bioactivity changes and spike responses are formed. Thus, electrical stimulation with a frequency of more than 10 imp-1 leads to 2 effects: depolarization and strong, prolonged muscle contraction or serrated tetanus. When the frequency of the current increases, due to very frequent impulses, the muscle tissue does not relax and complete tetanus occurs, which, with a subsequent increase in frequency, changes to complete inexcitability of the muscle tissue.
The most intense excitation is realized when the frequency ranges of impulses and electrical stimulation coincide in the nerve conductors. Against the background of electrical stimulation of the nerve with impulses of more than 50 imp-1, excitation of motor nerve conductors and passive contraction of muscle fibers are formed.
Besides:
- In the cytoplasm of cells, the amount of high-energy compounds (creatine phosphate, ATP) increases, their enzymatic activity is activated, oxygen utilization is accelerated and energy costs for stimulated muscle contraction are reduced compared to voluntary;
- Blood supply and lymph drainage are activated, which leads to increased trophism;
- Dilatation of peripheral vessels, occurring in parallel with passive muscle contraction, leads to activation of blood flow.
As you know, nerve cells regulate the activity of other cells. Signals coming from nerve endings cause myocyte contractions. When both muscle and nerve cells are active, ions quickly move across the cell membrane. The current generated during this is called the “action potential”, and it can be recorded using intracellular electrodes.
Impulses that are as close in shape as possible to the “action potentials” of muscle and nerve cells are called neuroimpulses. Drugs that generate neuroimpulses are especially popular in cosmetology, since the procedures are carried out with the greatest comfort, and the result is more effective and noticeable.
Indications for electrical stimulation and effects of procedures
The procedures allow you to:
- Prevent muscle tissue atrophy thanks to special “training” of muscles during stimulation, namely, contraction and relaxation;
- Restore nervous regulation of muscle tissue contraction;
- Increase muscle volume and strength without shortening muscle fibers;
- Increase adaptation and fatigue limit of muscle tissue;
- Reduce pain in any localization;
- Utilize energy reserves (thus activating lipolysis);
- Provide lymphatic drainage and accelerate the elimination of metabolic products.
The most popular indications for stimulation:
- Weakening of muscle tone;
- Weakening of skin turgor;
- Modeling the oval shape of the face and neck, restoring muscle tone in this area.
Devices for electromyostimulation
Modern computerized equipment allows you to set the required procedure parameters that will be most effective in each case:
- pulse shape;
- pulse repetition rate. Most often, low pulse frequencies are used, from 10 to 1000 Hz.
The low-frequency range used in physiotherapeutic practice is preferable due to the fact that skeletal muscle fibers can respond by contracting to current stimulation with a frequency of no more than 1000 Hz. Higher current frequencies are no longer perceived by the nervous and muscle tissue as separate stimuli, and this leads to a sharp decrease in the effectiveness of the effect.
To influence skeletal, smooth muscles and nerve conductors, it is necessary to use different pulse frequencies. If the device allows you to change the frequency of the generated pulses, this significantly expands the scope of its application. Different classes of devices operate at different pulse frequencies:
- High-end electrical stimulation devices - high-frequency pulse filling with a recommended frequency in the range of 400-600 Hz.
- Middle-class devices - low-frequency pulse filling with a recommended myostimulation frequency in the range of 10-230 Hz.
The devices are also classified into professional ones, which are installed in physical rooms and cosmetology rooms of beauty salons, and low-power home ones (belts, bowties, shorts, etc.), which can be used independently.
The pulse duration is 0.1-1000 ms. Close to natural neuroimpulses and most preferable for myostimulation are short impulses, from 0.1 to 0.5 ms.
The current strength of the equipment varies depending on the area of the body: for exposure to the face - up to 10 mA, for exposure to the body - up to 50 mA. During the procedures, the intensity of the current varies depending on the person’s sensations: muscle contractions should be strong, but not cause pain.
Impulses are classified into mono- and bipolar.
- Monopolar pulses separate substances into ions and can propel particles with electric charge deep into the tissues. Monopolar pulsed current can also be used for electrophoresis. The same substances are used as in electrophoresis with galvanic current.
- Bipolar pulses result in oscillatory movements of electrically charged particles on biological membranes. Pulses on symmetrical zones compensate for electrolysis, and skin irritation does not occur under the electrodes. Such impulses more effectively overcome skin resistance, and procedures are more comfortable for patients.
Treatment with electrical stimulation is carried out 2-3 times every 7 days (every other day is possible), 20-40 minutes per session. The course includes 15-20 procedures. The minimum break between courses is 1 month.
Scheme of procedures
- Electrodes, well moistened in water, are installed on active motor points of muscle tissue in the affected area and secured with bandages.
- Connect the wires, observing polarity.
- Launch the appropriate program on the device.
- The current strength is increased gradually, 3-4 minutes after the start of exposure, until active muscle contractions appear. There should be no pain during muscle contraction. It is best to increase the intensity of exposure simultaneously in symmetrical zones.
- After completing the procedure, turn off the device and remove the electrodes.
- The skin at the procedure site is treated with a moisturizing tonic or milk.
Contraindications
Contraindications to electrical stimulation are quite extensive and must be taken into account when prescribing treatment. The fact is that electric current can accelerate the progression of a number of diseases and lead to the most undesirable effects.
- Oncological diseases (however, some types of electrical stimulation are used to relieve pain).
- Blood pathologies.
- Pregnancy (in exceptional cases can be used for toxicosis).
- Diseases of an infectious nature.
- Hyperthermia.
- Artificial pacemaker.
- Pulmonary and heart failure above grade 2.
- Severe heart rhythm disturbances.
- Hyperthyroidism.
- Arterial hypertension (upper pressure more than 180).
- Epilepsy.
- Parkinson's disease.
- Individual intolerance to electric current.
There are also local contraindications that relate to the area of the procedure:
- injuries, abrasions, cuts, and other violations of the integrity of the dermis;
- metal implants, for example, “golden threads” on the face, an intrauterine device with metal elements, if the electrodes are applied to the lower abdomen;
- benign neoplasms, including nevi;
- phlebitis, thrombophlebitis;
- phlebeurysm.
Electrical stimulation methods
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
It is successfully used in medical rehabilitation, as well as as a supplement to professional athletic training, and is suitable for stimulating all muscles of the body.
The procedures help eliminate sagging muscles and skin, fight cellulite, help with excess weight, impaired peripheral circulation (venous and arterial) and venous-lymphatic insufficiency. Indicated for restoring muscle strength after surgery, fractures, and improving mobility. They are also recommended after a stroke, as they help restore fine movements of the hands and gait.
We must not forget about the individual sensitivity of patients to the action of current, and begin the procedure at the lowest levels, increasing them gradually. With prolonged electrotherapy, addiction may develop. Therefore, it is very important to correctly draw up a treatment program and include other methods for the greatest effect. If we're talking about about trained people, athletes, it should be taken into account that this group of patients initially has stronger muscles, so the electrical load should be more intense.
Electrical stimulation of muscles goes well with lymphatic drainage, deep thermal effects, electrophoresis, ultrasound therapy, pressotherapy, and endermology.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
In other words, exposure to the lesion through the skin. It is effective for acute and chronic pain of various origins and is used in everyday physiotherapeutic practice.
High-frequency exposure activates pain inhibition mechanisms: electrical current pulses block pain signals that travel along the nerves from the source of pain to the brain. Low frequency exposure activates the release of endorphins, which act as natural pain inhibitors.
Unlike pain-relieving drug therapy, TENS does not have side effects. Can be used as monotherapy or as an addition to other methods.
Transcranial electrical stimulation
It involves the impact of pulsed bipolar currents with given characteristics on the brain. The main indications for electrical stimulation of the brain: post-stroke and post-infarction condition, stage 1-2 hypertension, rehabilitation after damage to the peripheral nervous system, pain syndrome in oncological and neurological patients, after injuries, depression, anxiety, toxicosis of pregnancy in the 1-2 trimesters, menopause, sleep disorders, itchy dermatitis.
- Activation of opioid structures and release of beta-endorphin, which relieves pain syndromes, reduces the drug load when pain relief is needed;
- Beta-endorphin relieves anxiety and has an antidepressant effect, improves stress resistance and mood, which in itself helps in the treatment of any disease;
- The effect on the vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata normalizes blood pressure;
- Activation of lymphocytes by beta-endorphin leads to increased defenses of the body;
The method is also used in the treatment of addictions and relieves symptoms of withdrawal symptoms. Cravings for alcohol and drugs are reduced by stimulating the opiate system. Helps in the recovery period for severe burn patients. It has an analgesic effect, relieves stress spasm of the vascular wall and improves blood circulation.
Interstitial electrical stimulation
The second name is electrical stimulation according to Gerasimov, since the method was developed under the leadership of this scientist. Main indications: spinal osteochondrosis, intervertebral hernias, pain syndrome after spinal surgery for truncation of hernias, scoliosis, arthrosis deformans, VSD, peripheral nerve dysfunction, bronchial asthma, migraine, headache tension, dizziness, heel spur.
For the procedure, special disposable needles are used, which are connected via wires to a device that generates a pulsed low-frequency current. The needles are placed directly into the painful areas.
As a result of the procedure, blood microcirculation improves, swelling decreases, muscle spasm is eliminated and nutrition in the area where the needles are installed improves. Already after the first procedure there is a significant improvement and reduction in pain.
Very often practiced for osteochondrosis localized in any part of the spine. Improves blood circulation, helps stop the breakdown of cartilage tissue, restores innervation and, most importantly for patients, eliminates pain in 95% of cases.
Electrical stimulation of the eyes
It is realized through the influence of pulsed current on the muscular apparatus of the eye, optic nerve, and retina. Main indications: ptosis, strabismus, retinal dystrophy, optic nerve, myopia, amblyopia, paresis and paralysis of the oculomotor muscles.
The impact on the motor muscles of the eyelid and eye leads to improved neuromuscular transmission, normalization of muscle tone and more efficient functioning. After a course of procedures, friendly eye movements and eyelid lifting improve. The effect on the sensory apparatus (optic nerve, retina) allows you to increase the number of connections with the central nervous system and create greater feedback, which means improving vision.
Electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves
It is an alternative, official method of treating fecal and urinary incontinence. Works both for stress incontinence and dysfunction due to decreased muscle tone pelvic floor and anal sphincter.
- When treating stress incontinence, the goal of treatment is to eliminate dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles.
- For urinary incontinence, the procedure is aimed at inhibiting involuntary contraction bladder walls by stimulating the pelvic floor nerves.
Electrical stimulation in children
In pediatrics, this treatment method is used quite widely, from birth, for the following pathologies: intestinal atony, pelvic dysfunction, hypotonia of the anterior muscles abdominal wall, organic damage to the central nervous system, cerebral palsy, flat feet, scoliosis, dysplasia hip joints, consequences of TBI, including in children in a state of medicated sleep, consequences of infectious damage to the spinal cord and brain, autism, hyperactivity, speech and hearing disorders, joint pathologies.
In children, all methods of electrical stimulation are used, including interstitial and transcranial. IN individually the current strength, the shape and frequency of the pulse and the duration of exposure are selected. In any case, stimulation is carried out in gentle modes and with a shorter duration of exposure than in adults.
In cosmetology
The procedure is actively used in cosmetology to correct the figure, cellulite, give the oval of the face clearer contours, reduce sagging skin and wrinkles, strengthen and improve the tone of the muscles of the neck and face, abdominals(especially after childbirth), weight loss, acceleration of lymph flow (elimination of edema).
During the procedure, different muscle groups are exposed to pulsed current of various frequencies. Myostimulation allows you to use even deep muscles.
Improves the condition of small blood vessels, accelerates metabolism, activates lymph flow, causes muscles to actively contract, eliminates stagnant processes in the skin and intensively removes excess moisture (this is why even after the first procedure you can see a decrease in body volume).
- When changing the oval of the face, the muscles localized in the cheek area are affected.
- For neck laxity, the broad subcutaneous muscle, the platysma, is stimulated by applying self-adhesive skin electrodes.
- To reduce the appearance of a double chin, pulsed current is used.
- You can achieve noticeable positive results even with prolapse upper eyelid using movable electrodes on a gel base.
Side effects and complications
Muscle discomfort may be felt during and after the procedure. An inflammatory reaction may develop at the site of contact between the skin and the electrodes.
To prevent these undesirable effects, the patient should monitor his well-being during the procedure and notify the doctor if discomfort or pain occurs.
Possible complications include:
- skin hyperemia up to burns. Possible due to incorrect placement of electrodes;
- increased menstrual flow, especially if the procedure is carried out in the first days of menstruation. Therefore, during menstruation it is recommended to refuse treatment;
- Nausea, indigestion. This is possible if the procedure in the abdominal area was performed immediately after eating.
Electrical muscle stimulation - description of the procedure and review of the most popular devices: Stimul 1, MIORYTHM-040-M2, Myovolna
Electrical muscle stimulation was invented in the mid-19th century in France. It is usually used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation therapy to restore the functioning of tissues, organs and systems, including the nervous system.
This method has an effect due to pulsed current, due to which there is directed excitation and contraction of any area of the muscles, and a decrease in the trophic function of nerve fibers.
The effect of current on the muscle tissue of the body
Electrical stimulation actively affects the body through pulses of different durations - from 0.5 to 300 ms, with a current strength of up to 5 mA (on the face), up to 100 mA (on the body) and a frequency of 10-150 Hz, which operate intermittently.
During the procedure, the person does not move, but this effect is identical to the normal work of the muscles during their activity.
The current passing through the tissue excites the cells and stimulates active work muscles, and during pauses it relaxes.
Thanks to this rhythm of work, there is no irritating effect of current under the electrodes and the epidermis is not damaged due to prolonged electrical stimulation.
When an electrical current is applied to muscles or nerves, their bioactivity and the formation of spike responses are altered. The impulses provoke muscle contraction, which strengthens and activates them.
It’s also good that if a muscle is overstrained, electrical stimulation relieves such tension well. This method has no analogues in the world; it forces the muscle to work at 100%.
Electrical stimulation of the back muscles helps patients with a stiff neck, lumbar region, a diseased or curved spine, pain is inherent, sensitivity is lost, muscles are weakened, and more.
This procedure is also necessary at the stage of rehabilitation after spinal surgery; it will help strengthen the muscular corset of the spine.
If you choose the right one, electrical stimulation of the leg muscles will help restore the functioning of many functions:
- biceps femoris muscle – restores flexion of the knee joint;
- electrical stimulation calf muscle, helps restore foot flexion function;
- peronalis muscle – dorsiflexion and abduction of the foot;
- pulsed currents directed to the rectus femoris muscle improve the mobility of the segment, as well as knee extension.
Thanks to myostimulation, it is possible to reach muscles located very deeply, which are difficult to load under normal circumstances.
For example, electrical stimulation of the thigh muscles helps actively fight osteoarthritis, including helping to recover after joint replacement surgery.
Current is also used for cosmetic purposes, for face lifting. The areas of the face and neck are quite difficult to train with regular exercises, but electrical stimulation of the facial muscles helps strengthen them and increase microcirculation in them.
The procedure improves blood supply and the functioning of a complex of metabolic and trophic processes. This includes activation of the systems and cells of the cerebral cortex.
The muscles are stimulated, the synthesis of nucleic acids occurs, including RNA, which delays the process of atrophy and sclerotic development in them.
During the procedure, the influence occurs directly on the muscle and through its motor nerve. Electrical stimulation accelerates oxygen utilization and reduces energy costs for contraction. After physical activity Lactic acid accumulates, and the influence of the current removes it from the muscles, relieving pain.
Electrical stimulation of arm muscles
Electrical stimulation of the arm muscles restores the following functions:
- Influence at deltoid muscle, helps to resume the work of shoulder abduction to the side, back and forward;
- extensors of the hand and fingers, restore their extension function;
- electrodes located on the triceps muscle affect the extension of the arm at the elbow joint;
- impact on the biceps muscle, will help bend the arm at the elbow joint;
- points on the flexors of the hand and fingers will help bend them.
How does the procedure work?
- Before electrical stimulation, the body is examined and spastic muscles are found, the degree of increase in muscle tone is determined and the presence of fibrous changes is recognized;
- If the procedure is intended for the face, then you need to remove makeup and degrease the skin;
- The specialist can then apply a mask or conductive gel to the skin as well as the electrodes. This depends on the device that supplies the current, as well as on the conductivity of the current by the body;
- Electrodes are applied to those areas where motor points are located - hips, limbs, abdomen, chest, back, face. Stationary electrodes are fixed or the skin is treated with movable electrodes;
- It is better to carry out such a procedure in a medical center, where a specialist can install the electrodes exactly in the places where they need to be. He will also be able to select the current strength that corresponds to the degree of muscle damage and suits the individual sensitivity of the patient;
- Having selected the required current strength, frequency and duration, a session of electrical stimulation is carried out;
- Remove the electrodes and cleanse the skin of the gel.
Session duration
The duration of the procedure is determined by the doctor, depending on the symptoms, the nature of the process, etc., usually it does not exceed 40 minutes.
The duration of treatment is usually from 15 to 30 sessions, they are carried out every day or every other day.
The duration of the facial procedure can last from 10 to 20 sessions. The procedure is done every couple of days, and courses are carried out about once a year.
The muscle or nerve is stimulated for 2-3 minutes, and then a break of 10 minutes is taken. The time frame for achieving the required result depends on the disease, characteristics of the body, condition, and the presence of extra pounds.
Electrical stimulation at home
Today you can hear about portable devices everywhere. Some can be powered by electricity, while others can be battery-powered.
You can use such devices to maintain tone. Their power is low and they cannot have a full impact.
Electrical stimulation at home will help relieve fatigue after a hard day, tighten some areas of the body, relieve or reduce pain. But such a device will not help overcome illnesses or correct the condition of the muscles.
You can also be treated with this drug at home, after being prescribed and taught by a doctor.
Devices for electrical stimulation
All devices have electrodes that are attached to the body. The device has a main unit in which a current of a certain strength and frequency is generated. Each muscle group has its own mode of operation.
Devices are classified into professional ones, which are used in clinics, beauty salons, and low-power ones, for home use.
To restore muscles, sinusoidal currents of high frequencies are used, which are modulated by low frequencies. These include devices of the “Amplipulse-4, 5” type, which has a wide range of treatments, and the “Stimul-1” type, designed to stimulate such muscles.
If the electrical excitability of the muscles is reduced due to degeneration or disease of the motor nerve, stimulation is carried out with the same currents, only they are delivered in a straightened mode. Here the electrodes on the motor point are connected to the negative pole. Such currents are produced by the devices “UEI-1” and “Neuropulse”.
Other devices for electrical muscle stimulation: “Movolna”, “Diagnostim”, “NET”, “MIORYTHM-040-M2”, “TUR-RS”, “Stersodnator”, “Tonus-1” and others.
Stimulus 1
This device is intended for the complex treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, various paralysis, cuts, poor posture, scoliosis, flat feet, for strengthening muscles, eliminating fat layers, and during intense physical activity.
This device is used in clinics and various medical institutions.
The Stimul-1 device generates radio pulses in continuous sending mode. The amplitude of the messages is regulated and its period of rise and fall is adjusted.
The mechanism of action consists of transistors and microcircuits. The kit includes electrodes of various shapes made of hardened carbon fabric, electrical holders and other accessories. The device is operated at air temperatures from +10 to +35ºС and at ambient humidity up to 80%, at a temperature of +20ºС.
Characteristics of the Stimul-1 device
| Sinusoidal frequency | 2000 Hz ± 10% |
| Maximum average current value with active load resistance | 1000 Ohm - 30 mA |
| The frequency of repetition of radio pulses is equal to the frequency of the supply network; | 10 ms ± 20% |
| Duration of radio pulses | |
| Radio pulses are generated in continuous mode and burst mode | |
| Working mode | up to 3 min |
| Continuous operation of the device | up to 6 hours a day |
| Power consumption is less | 40 W |
| Network consumption | 220V±10% |
| Current frequency | 50 ± 0.5 Hz |
| Degree of protection against electric shock | II class |
| Dimensions | 108x300x315 mm |
| Weight of the device without accessories | 4 kg |
Myovolna
The muscles are stimulated with this device to replenish the deficiency of nerve impulses, increase blood supply to tissues and organs, suppress pain pulsation and improve the functioning of the lymphatic system.
During electrical stimulation, impulses from nerve endings are transmitted to muscles and cause them to contract. Blood and lymph flow improves, metabolism is stimulated. The device is also used to tighten facial muscles.
“Myovolna” provides a mode for moving the electrical stimulation zone during stable parameters stimulating impulses.
Thanks to this, sequential stimulation of different tissue areas is carried out along the path of innervation - the direction of blood flow and lymph circulation.
MIORHYTHM-040-M2
This drug is used in the medical, cosmetic and sports fields. "MIORHYTHM-040-M2" has an electrical stimulator with a separate power supply and a set of accessories.
The human body is capable of self-healing, but sometimes (after injuries, surgeries) this can take quite a long time. For successful and faster recovery in medicine, various are used. Therefore, we will further analyze what electrical stimulation of the back muscles is, how it is useful and how it is carried out.
The technique is widely used for the rehabilitation of patients after various types of illness, with disorders of the functioning of the nervous system, and with muscle hypertonicity.
Why is the procedure useful?
The benefits of current stimulation sessions are obvious. So, Using this technology allows you to achieve the following results:
The procedure shows high results in therapy
- Prevention of muscle tissue atrophy.
- Restoration of nutrition processes and elimination of metabolic products.
- Reducing pain of any localization.
- Increased adaptation and muscle fatigue limit.
- Promoting the process of tissue regeneration.
Also, regular stimulation ensures the restoration of “feedback” with the cerebral cortex.
Thanks to this, the nervous regulation of muscle tissue contractions is gradually restored. This is a great achievement in the treatment of severe pathologies (paralysis, paresis).
Devices for the procedure
All devices for electrical muscle stimulation have a main unit in which a current of the required frequency and strength is generated, as well as electrodes attached to the body.
Reference. Each device has different operating modes necessary for a specific muscle group.
Devices are divided into several types according to their purpose:
- professional- used in medicine and cosmetology;
- low-power- intended for use at home.
Devices are also distinguished based on the nature of the outgoing currents:
- "Amplipulse-4.5", "Stimul-1"- for recovery and stimulation of muscles using sinusoidal currents of high frequencies, modulated by low frequencies.
- "Neuropulse", "UEI-1"- used for reduced electrical excitability of muscles. Currents flow in rectified mode.
Various devices have been developed for stimulating muscles with current.
There are many other devices in medicine, each of which has its own application features: “NET”, “Tonus-1”, “Myovolna”, etc.
Electrical stimulation at home
The technique is quite simple to perform, so you can perform electrical muscle stimulation at home.
The session flow includes several stages and looks like this:
Can be used at home
- electrodes are moistened with water and placed on the affected muscle tissue and secured with bandages;
- wires are connected;
- a suitable program is launched on the device;
- the current strength increases in stages, 3-4 minutes after the start of the electric shock, until muscle contractions are felt;
- after the end of the session, the device is turned off and the electrodes are removed;
- The skin in the area where the electrodes are applied is treated with a tonic to moisturize.
It is imperative to study the instructions for the electrical muscle stimulator, which will ensure the correctness of the procedure and the effectiveness of the treatment.
If the technique of performing sessions is not followed, side effects may develop.
How often can the procedures be done? How often can you do electrical muscle stimulation? ? Treatment with a similar physiotherapeutic method is carried out 2-3 times a week
Reference., however, it is possible to conduct a session every other day (depending on the indications).
The therapeutic course includes 10-20 sessions. The duration of the procedure should be approximately 20-40 minutes. A repeat course can be taken no earlier than 1 month
after the previous one.
Side effects
There are practically no side effects
The only thing that can be noted is a feeling of muscle discomfort during the session and after it.
Also, an inflammatory reaction may occur at the points of contact between the skin and the electrodes.
In order to avoid such undesirable reactions from the body, the patient must monitor his well-being during sessions. If discomfort occurs, even minor, the patient should inform the doctor.
The list of contraindications to electrical muscle stimulators is extensive. When prescribing therapy, it must be taken into account by the doctor.
Important! The procedure may accelerate the progression of some diseases, leading to undesirable consequences.
It is prohibited to carry out the procedure in the presence of the following circumstances and diseases:
Has a large list of contraindications
- oncology;
- infectious diseases;
- arterial hypertension;
- epilepsy;
- hyperthyroidism;
- blood pathologies;
- heart failure above degree 2;
- active form of rheumatism
- presence of pacemakers;
- formations of a benign nature;
- atrial fibrillation;
- phlebitis, thrombophlebitis;
- violations of the integrity of the skin (abrasions, wounds, cuts);
- condition after suturing muscles, tendons, nerves (for 1 month).
This method of treatment should not be used in pregnant women., since the procedures can cause an increase in uterine tone, which can result in miscarriage or premature birth (depending on the stage of pregnancy).
Conclusion
Therapy of pathologies of the nervous and muscular system cannot be imagined without physiotherapeutic techniques. Among the variety of procedures, electrical stimulation is the most active and shows high results in treatment.
