Exterior: a massive head with a wide forehead, medium-sized ears with sharp tips, a short, well-set neck, muscular shoulders, a short, strong back, a wide and long croup, a fairly high tail, powerful legs, on which lush hair growth is observed from the carpal and hock joints - “fries”, the hooves are large and strong.
Height at withers: 165-185 cm.
Weight: 800-1225 kg.
Suit: mainly black, bay or karak, less often - gray. There are white markings on the head and legs.
Peculiarities: Shires are the largest, heaviest and strongest horses.
Horses of the Shire breed - LARGE HEAVY TRUCKS
Shire - English heavy trucks , descended from fighting knight's horses, descendants of the horses of the Roman Conquerors and is one of the oldest heavy draft breeds. Today it is difficult to say for sure exactly how this breed originated, as is the case with many other ancient breeds.
Word "Shire" also came from England, and was derived from the Saxon word "schyran", meaning "shift" or "watershed", hence the word "shire" is synonymous with this area. And the breed received this name thanks to King Henry VIII, who first applied the name “Shire” to these horses at the beginning of the 16th century.
Horses of the Shire breed - LARGE HEAVY TRUCKS
Fate Shayrov inextricably linked with the history of England. During the period between the reigns of Henry II, 1154, and Elizabeth (beginning in 1558), the government constantly sought to increase the size and number of horses, called "greats". During the reign of King John from 1199 to 1216, about a hundred large-bodied stallions were imported into England from the lower lands of Flanders in Holland and the Elbe Banks.
One of the authors of that time describes these Flemish horses for the most part as black, with white markings on the face and legs, often all four of their legs were white up to the joints. They were tall, muscular, on strong legs, bordered with long thick brushes, with strong large joints. During the reign of Henry VIII, from 1509 to 1547, special attention was paid to the cultivation and breeding strong horses, several laws have been approved to provide for this. Acts prohibiting the use for breeding of horses shorter than 154 cm at the withers, as well as preventing any export of horses, even to Scotland, were passed in 1535 and 1541.
Like other heavy draft breeds, at different periods of history the Shires were improved by the infusion of blood from other breeds; the northern German Flemish horses from Belgium and the Flanders horses left a particularly noticeable mark on the breed. There are quite detailed records telling about this, made more than 1000 years ago. During this time, the influx of blood and other breeds continued.
During the 18th century. these horses began to be used for heavy work on farms. With the improvement of roads and the widespread use of stagecoaches, there was a great demand for heavy trucks. At this time, a breeder named Robert Bakewell significantly influenced the Shires, then known as the Leicestershire Cart Horse, by infusing the blood of the best Dutch Friesian horses.
Judging by paintings dating back to the 15th century, showing the perfection of their forms, shires were used as early as the 16th century. There is no doubt that Shire horses were used as military horses.
Most people think, and historians claim, that knights, dressed in heavy armor, with a sword and pike, rode into battle on the backs of Shires. Not everyone shares this opinion, however, even in England some doubt that this is true. With the disappearance of tournaments and heavily armed knights, the ancestors of the Shire horse were put to work in harness, pulling carts over rough, uneven roads and plows across farmers' fields.
When it was not battles that came to the fore, but the development of commerce and agriculture, in the 19th century. The shires became almost a national treasure of England. In the 19th century horses became the main labor force in agriculture and industry, especially on the docks and railroads. Large Shire geldings worked on the docks and on city streets. The needs of the empire and the mores of the time demanded extraordinary massiveness, enormous muscular strength and obedience from the horse.
English livestock breeders and farmers responded to this by creating one of the most remarkable breeds - the Shires. They became the largest and most powerful draft horses in Britain. Shires were, and are still used today, by brewers in cities in stylized carts pulling beer barrels, in pulling competitions and plowing competitions.
Shires were bred in all parts of England, but in such counties as Lincoln, Derby, Cambridge, Norfolk, Nottingham, Leicester and Huntington they were especially popular. History mentions such names of the breed that were used in old times as: “Great Horse”, “War-Horse”, “Cart Horse”, “Old England Black” Horse), "Lincolnshire Giant" and finally "Shire". There were also differences between intra-breed types of Shires, depending on their place of origin. The Shires, coming from their historic home, the moors of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire, tended to be more bony and brush-haired than their neighbors. Yorkshire and Lanarkshire, for example, were leaner and more hardy.
Although the first Shire was imported into America in 1853, significant imports did not take off until 1880. At the dawn of the new 20th century, the Shire in America could compete with the Percherons in popularity. From 1909 to 1911 There were about 6,700 Shires registered in the world, almost 80% of this population were born in America.
Horses of the Shire breed - LARGE HEAVY TRUCKS
Because of their great height and spectacular movements, the Shires became extremely popular among the citizens of America. At the end of the First World War, however, draft horses were driven out of cities by trucks, subways and electric trams. At the same time, farmers bought smaller, more economical horses to work in the fields.
Brabançons and Percherons came to dominate the draft market in the Midwest, and the center of Shire breeding shifted to the western United States. In the 1940s and 1950s their numbers continued to decline, with only 25 horses registered between 1950 and 1959. Today, Shires, like most heavy draft breeds, are being revived. In 1985 121 Shires were registered in America.
It should not be forgotten that the development and popularization of the English Shire Registry was at least partly due to Americans wanting to register their horses. This, of course, was worth it, since only registered animals could be bred as Shires, but on American soil.
Horses of the Shire breed - LARGE HEAVY TRUCKS
Seeing a need for American breeders to promote and improve the breed, British charities helped to bring about registration in the US. This task was subsequently entrusted to the American Shire Horse Association, organized on April 28, 1885. It was officially registered on May 21, 1885.
One of the reasons for the rise in interest was the approval of bonuses for stallions. Money for them is allocated by the Association from the profits of the racing betting, and is awarded at the annual March exhibition. More than £35,000 is awarded on this day. Another reason for the increase in livestock was the increase in sales markets, especially abroad. IN last years More than 100 heads of shires are exported annually to all parts of the world. Active Associations are being formed in Germany, France, Holland, Canada, and the USA.
Shires very large animals: adult stallions reach a height of 162 to 176 cm at the withers. Mares and geldings are slightly less massive. However, many of the best representatives of the breed reach over 185 cm at the withers. They have relatively large, wide-set and expressive eyes, and a slightly convex (Roman) profile. The shoulders are strong and broad, the body with a deep chest.
Found among shires real giants. In 1846, an unusually large foal was born in England. He was named after the biblical hero Samson, but when the stallion became an adult and reached a height at the withers of 219 cm, he was renamed Mammoth. Under this nickname he went down in the history of horse breeding as the tallest horse that has ever lived in the world.
A typical Shire draft horse should have a large, heavy head with a large, broad forehead. The Shire draft horse breed should not have ears that are too small or large.
Smooth and short should flow smoothly into a short and strong back. The rear part of the body of the Shire horse breed should be powerful and large, and the tail should be set high. Strong and powerful forelegs and horses, with large and strong hooves, the horse is connected by muscular forearms.
Shire draft horses are officially recognized as the strongest, largest and heaviest horses.
Shires in harness
The Shire horse breed comes from England, and its ancestors were the horses on which knights carried out their crusades. Considering the history of the origin of the Shires, these horses have been recognized as one of the oldest draft breeds in the world, although there is no exact date of its formation.
At the end of the 12th – beginning of the 13th centuries, the English king John issued a decree on the import of large quantity strong Dutch (Flemish) foals, which became the ancestors of the Shire heavy draft horses.
Despite the fact that the date of appearance of this breed is unknown, it is absolutely certain that in the 16th century the English government began to actively breed horses with strong, powerful and majestic appearance. For the heads of state of that time, it was very important that horses were raised in England, so decrees were issued prohibiting the import of adult horses or large foals.
Majestic Power
At that time, Shire horses were used exclusively as war horses. And only after tournaments and armed knights ceased to exist, this breed began to be used as a draft breed.
The end of the 16th century saw progress in the military sphere, as a result of which the armor of mounted knights became much lighter. This allowed them to switch from powerful lumps capable of carrying a bunch of iron to lighter and more agile trotters. Thus, the “big horse” had to be harnessed to a cart, where it found its main use. From the admiring testimonies of that time, we know about horses that carried 3.5-ton loads in our understanding - off-road.
Thomas Blandville lived precisely during that period of time (from 1561 to 1602) when German, Flemish and Shire horses began to be imported to the island. Friesian breeds, which he told his descendants about. The greatest influence on the formation of the English breed, in contrast to the Germans, was left by Flemish and Friesian genes. Friezes brought nobility to the appearance of the Englishwoman, giving her movements looseness and lightness. However, more Flemish blood was mixed in, thanks to the Flemish swamp drainers. They brought their slow-moving “heavyweights” to East Anglia for work, and left them there, in the literal sense – “for divorce.”
Black color Due to the prevailing black color of the Flanders ancestors, in the 17th century the “big horse” was called the Great, English and Black, or simply the “English Black”, as Oliver Cromwell called it. Since then, the definition has taken root specifically in relation to the large English heavy truck, the ancestor of the current Shire.
Starting from the 18th century, the Shire breed was reclassified as an agricultural breed. Shire horses began to be used en masse for work on farms and fields. At a time when agriculture began to develop in huge leaps, Shires helped the formation of not a single large farm.
Breeder Robert Bakewell, who lived from 1725 to 1795, improved the Leicestershire breed with the help of females from Flanders. Yes, so successfully that the species he bred was called the “Bakewell crow.”
Scotland acquired its own large heavy horse - the Clydesdale, in the formation of which the Shire horse breed played a significant role. These “Scots”, very popular, and not only in the UK, are quite similar to the Shires, but are inferior to them in size and weight.
By the 19th century, the popularity of shires in their homeland had reached its apogee. So much so that foreign breeders, breeders and merchants began to become interested in them. The stud book was annually replenished with thousands of heads, of which up to 1000 were stallions, 3-4 thousand were mares. The exhibitions represented 600–700 horses.
The year 1836 marked the first crossing of the Atlantic for the Shires, which gave impetus to the massive import of this breed to the States, but only half a century later. Small and relatively thin-boned American mares, thanks to Shire stallions, began to produce fairly tall foals, which did not escape the attention of the cowboys. 400 shires were imported by the Americans in 1887 alone. By the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries, even Percherons, the most numerous breed of heavy-duty trucks in the United States, were forced to make some concessions in the cargo transportation market to the shaggy English giants with an aristocratic gait. Of the 6,700 foals recorded in the stud book over three years (1909 – 1911), 80% were born in America.
Today, when the Shire horse breed almost suffered its extinction, mass interest in these ancient heavy horses has awakened. Many are trying to revive the Shire horse breed, and although there are far fewer than a thousand registered heads today, connoisseurs of these heroes still do not lose hope.
Shira foal
Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries experienced a need for large horses to transport heavy loads. The Shires were ideally suited for breeding such a breed.
The main feature of the Shire breeds, as Prince Urusov noted, was their demand for food, or more precisely, for its quantity. The descendants of the Shire horses could live up to expectations only with abundant feeding and careful care, which is only possible in countries with suitable natural and social resources. Compared to other breeds, Shires certainly eat more. While requiring the same amount of concentrate, they should be generously rewarded with hay and grass.
Another important detail of the selection in which the Shire horse breed is used is mentioned by the author of the “Book about the Horse”. This is the need for a mare of suitable shape for a stallion - a shire. The female must be chosen very carefully, otherwise individuals may be born that are far from meeting expectations.
Apparently, due to a very whimsical selection procedure for the largest breeds, in Russia preference was given to crossing with smaller Clydesdales.
However, judging by the pedigrees of the Vladimir heavy draft horses, the Shires added their contribution to the breeding of this pride of Russian horse breeding.
Obedient disposition Especially for Shire breed The stud book was started in 78 of the 19th century, and 7 years later the Shire breeders founded their own Society. Voronoi "The Blind Stallion from Packington", whose nickname is most often depicted in the first volume of the student book, can be considered the ancestor modern horses this breed. After 12 years, the stud book was closed, and only offspring from individuals with registration were entered.
Now the stud book is built on the so-called “three-stage” principle. The main section is reserved for purebred animals. A filly born to a registered stallion and an unregistered mare falls into subsection “A”. The offspring of a mare from this section and a stallion from the main one are registered in section “B”, and from the “marriage” of a female from “B” class with a registered stallion, a purebred mare is obtained. Only females obtained as a result of such matings are used in breeding.
The accounting in the book is very strict. Paternity is confirmed by the necessary blood test to enter the offspring into any section. Nowadays, DNA testing is widely used.
Good-natured giant Society of Fanciers and Breeders
This organization had a privileged status. Literally from the founding of the Society of Fanciers and Breeders, the English The Royal Family. For three years (1886–89) it was headed by King Edward the Seventh, who boasted two champions bred at his stud.
Current state of the breed
IN modern world horses play rather an aesthetic and historical role. The Shire horse breed is no exception, although in some regions it is still used effectively in practice.
Mostly these beautiful horses– constant participants in various exhibitions and equestrian shows, where they participate in tournaments, shows and auctions. The British are known for their conservatism, and partly thanks to this, the current state of the Shire breed inspires optimism.
Exterior: massive head with a wide forehead, medium-sized ears with sharp tips, short, well-set neck, muscular shoulders, short, strong back, wide and long croup, fairly high tail, powerful legs, on which there is a lush appearance from the carpal and hock joints overgrowth - "fries", hooves are large and strong.
INheight at withers: 165-185 cm.
Weight: 800-1225 kg.
Suit: mainly black, bay or karak, less often - gray. There are white markings on the head and legs.
Peculiarities: Shires are the largest, heaviest and strongest horses.
Shire- English heavy draft horses, descended from knightly war horses, descendants of the horses of the Roman Conquerors and is one of the oldest heavy draft breeds. Today it is difficult to say for sure exactly how this breed originated, as is the case with many other ancient breeds.
The word "shire" ( Shire) also came from England, and is derived from the Saxon word “schyran”, meaning “shift” or “watershed”, hence the word “shire” is synonymous with this area. And the breed received this name thanks to King Henry VIII, who first applied the name "Shire" to these horses at the beginning of the 16th century.
The fate of the Shires is inextricably linked with the history of England. During the period between the reigns of Henry II, 1154, and Elizabeth (beginning in 1558), the government constantly sought to increase the size and number of horses, called "greats". During the reign of King John from 1199 to 1216, about a hundred large-bodied stallions were imported into England from the lower lands of Flanders in Holland and the Elbe Banks. One of the authors of that time describes these Flemish horses for the most part as black, with white markings on the face and legs, often all four of their legs were white up to the joints. They were tall, muscular, on strong legs, bordered with long thick brushes, with strong large joints. During the reign of Henry VIII, from 1509 to 1547, special attention was paid to the raising and breeding of strong horses, and several laws were approved to provide for this. Acts prohibiting the use for breeding of horses shorter than 154 cm at the withers, as well as preventing any export of horses, even to Scotland, were passed in 1535 and 1541.
Like other heavy draft breeds, at different periods of history the Shires were improved by the infusion of blood from other breeds; the northern German Flemish horses from Belgium and the Flanders horses left a particularly noticeable mark on the breed. There are quite detailed records telling about this, made more than 1000 years ago. During this time, the influx of blood and other breeds continued.
During the 18th century. these horses began to be used for heavy work on farms. With the improvement of roads and the widespread use of stagecoaches, there was a great demand for heavy trucks. At this time, a breeder named Robert Bakewell significantly influenced the Shires, then known as the Leicestershire Cart Horse, by infusing the blood of the best Dutch Friesian horses.
Judging by paintings dating back to the 15th century, showing the perfection of their forms, shires were used as early as the 16th century. There is no doubt that Shire horses were used as military horses.
Most people think, and historians claim, that knights, dressed in heavy armor, with a sword and pike, rode into battle on the backs of Shires. Not everyone shares this opinion, however, even in England some doubt that this is true. With the disappearance of tournaments and heavily armed knights, the ancestors of the Shire horse were put to work in harness, pulling carts over rough, uneven roads and plows across farmers' fields.
When it was not battles that came to the fore, but the development of commerce and agriculture, in the 19th century. The shires became almost a national treasure of England. In the 19th century horses became the main labor force in agriculture and industry, especially on the docks and railroads. Large Shire geldings worked on the docks and on city streets. The needs of the empire and the mores of the time demanded extraordinary massiveness, enormous muscular strength and obedience from the horse. English livestock breeders and farmers responded to this by creating one of the most remarkable breeds - the Shires. They became the largest and most powerful draft horses in Britain. Shires were, and are still used today, by brewers in cities in stylized carts pulling beer barrels, in pulling competitions and plowing competitions.
Shires were bred in all parts of England, but in such counties as Lincoln, Derby, Cambridge, Norfolk, Nottingham, Leicester and Huntington they were especially popular. History mentions such names of the breed that were used in old times as: “Great Horse”, “War-Horse”, “Cart Horse”, “Old England Black” Horse), "Lincolnshire Giant" and finally "Shire". There were also differences between intra-breed types of Shires, depending on their place of origin. The Shires, coming from their historic home, the moors of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire, tended to be more bony and brush-haired than their neighbors. Yorkshire and Lanarkshire, for example, were leaner and more hardy.
1911 Champion.
Although the first Shire was imported into America in 1853, significant imports did not take off until 1880. At the dawn of the new 20th century, the Shire in America could compete with the Percherons in popularity. From 1909 to 1911 There were about 6,700 Shires registered in the world, almost 80% of this population were born in America.
Because of their great height and spectacular movements, the Shires became extremely popular among the citizens of America. At the end of the First World War, however, draft horses were driven out of cities by trucks, subways and electric trams. At the same time, farmers bought smaller, more economical horses to work in the fields.
Brabançons and Percherons came to dominate the draft market in the Midwest, and the center of Shire breeding shifted to the western United States. In the 1940s and 1950s their numbers continued to decline, with only 25 horses registered between 1950 and 1959. Today, Shires, like most heavy draft breeds, are being revived. In 1985 121 Shires were registered in America.
It should not be forgotten that the development and popularization of the English Shire Registry was at least partly due to Americans wanting to register their horses. This, of course, was worth it, since only registered animals could be bred as Shires, but on American soil.
Seeing a need for American breeders to promote and improve the breed, British charities helped to bring about registration in the US. This task was subsequently entrusted to the American Shire Horse Association, organized on April 28, 1885. It was officially registered on May 21, 1885.
One of the reasons for the rise in interest was the approval of bonuses for stallions. Money for them is allocated by the Association from the profits of the racing betting, and is awarded at the annual March exhibition. More than £35,000 is awarded on this day. Another reason for the increase in livestock was the increase in sales markets, especially abroad. In recent years, more than 100 heads of shires have been exported annually to all parts of the world. Active Associations are being formed in Germany, France, Holland, Canada, and the USA.
Shires are very large animals: adult stallions reach a height of 162 to 176 cm at the withers. Mares and geldings are slightly less massive. However, many of the best representatives of the breed reach over 185 cm at the withers. They have relatively large, wide-set and expressive eyes, and a slightly convex (Roman) profile. The shoulders are strong and broad, the body with a deep chest.
There are real giants among the Shires. In 1846, an unusually large foal was born in England. In honor of the biblical hero, he was named Samson, but when the stallion became an adult and reached a height at the withers of 219 cm, he was renamed Mammoth. Under this nickname he went down in the history of horse breeding as the tallest horse that has ever lived in the world.
Distinguishing characteristics of the breed include the silky, thick friezes on the legs, acquired from crosses with Clydesdales in the early 50s to solve the midge problem of the older type of Shires. Friezes grow around the entire leg, on the front from the wrist, and on the back from the hock. Recently, there has been a demand on the market for horses with white markings on their legs.
Shires and other English heavy trucks - Clydesdales, brought to Russia in the last century, were used in the development of a new breed - Vladimir heavy trucks.
Which breed is the smallest, every person will answer without hesitation - ponies. And if you ask a question about the largest breed of horses? Not everyone can answer quickly here. The largest horse breed is the Shire. Let's find out more about their appearance and origin.
History of appearance
To find out where Shire horses came from, you need to look back many centuries. Scientists say that the ancient Romans had a hand in their appearance on the British Isles. Whether this is true or not is difficult to say for sure. But we can say with confidence that the ancestors of modern shires were the horses of William the Conqueror, who, in the fight for England, used war horses that instilled fear in the English with their very appearance.
Over time, by mixing local breeds of large horses, shires appeared. The scientist Robert Bakewell put a lot of work into the careful selection of shires. In the middle of the 17th century, by crossing with the best representatives of heavy draft horses, he brought to light an improved version of the Shire horses, which became famous throughout the continent for their strength and power.
Did you know? The largest horse, named Mammoth, was registered in 1846; its height of 220 cm was recognized as the highest in history.
Characteristics and description of the breed
main feature shires - proportionally developed parts of the body. A wide and strong back and sacrum provide enormous performance and strength.
Height and weight
The height at the withers ranges from 1 m 65 cm to a record 2 m 20 cm. Weight from 900 kg to 1200 kg, but animals are known whose body weight reached 1500 kg. Mares are somewhat shorter - their height ranges from 130–150 cm. 
Important! For full development, shires need daily physical exercise and good nutrition. Such a horse eats almosttwo times more than usual. He eats approximately 20 kg of hay per day.
Exterior
Let's find out what these world-famous heavyweights look like - their heads are large, their eyes and nostrils are large, their noses have a slight hump. The shape of the body is a bit like a barrel. A long and powerful neck, smoothly turning into a wide and strong back, a powerful chest and muscular legs with wide hooves - this is what the Shire heavy trucks look like. A massive jaw is an undesirable sign.
Suit
Shires have a rich range of colors - there are bay, red, black and gray horses. In general, the choice of colors will satisfy even the most fastidious animal lovers. Among the mares there are roan specimens. But breeding standards allow the presence of white spots on the body. An interesting feature of this breed is the presence of white stockings on hind legs and bald spots behind the ears.
Character
Looking at the representatives of the largest horse breed in the world, you can’t help but imagine their cool and unbridled temperament. But in reality this is absolutely not the case. Shires have a calm and easy-going disposition. They are easy to train. Due to these qualities, they are often crossed with breeding horses, resulting in the birth of stallions that are later ideal for participation in competitions and eventing. 
Important! The optimal type of gait for a horse is the gait. It's hard to get Shires to gallop. In addition, not every rider can cope with a giant at such a speed, as well as brake it.
Distinctive features
Heavy draft horses also have their own characteristics. For example, shires from Yorkshire are distinguished by their endurance, they are leaner in appearance, but shires from Cambridge have thicker friezes (hair at the bottom of the knee joint).
Breed today
Due to the automation of many industrial processes in the 50s of the twentieth century, interest in this breed has subsided somewhat. But the popularity of Shire heavy trucks abroad, their participation in exhibitions and competitions provoked a new surge in the growth of their popularity. Today, shires actively participate in competitions for plowing fields, in horse races, and at exhibitions. They can also often be found in teams carrying beer or kvass to various city holidays. 
This breed of horse is deservedly considered the heritage of England. And it's not just that they come from there. It was the shires who helped to “put on its feet” the industry of the mainland: shipbuilding, railways, agriculture, cargo transportation - in each industry, the hardworking heavy trucks of the shires were reliable assistants of the British.
We can say that the domestication of the horse brought man to a new level. It became easier for him to cultivate the land, more profitable to engage in trade and more convenient to travel. Each area of activity put forward its own requirements for strength, endurance, speed and appearance animals. This is how different breeds of horses appeared.
Heavy draft horses occupied a special niche. With their help it was possible to move various loads over long distances. Powerful, handsome men easily withstood the weight of knights in battle garb. In addition, they were used as traction force in production and construction. One of the most famous breeds of heavy draft horses originates in medieval England - the Shire horse. Let's try to look at this breed in more detail.
How it all began
Experts in the history of England claim that the first mentions of large and hardy horses, which became the ancestors of a new breed, are found in 1066. Most likely, they came to the country during the reign of William I, called the Conqueror. But exact information about this has not been preserved.
To develop a special breed of local sires with Fladerian and Friesian horses. This work was carried out for several centuries, and its result exceeded our wildest expectations.
Further development of the breed
Many English rulers were interested in horse breeding. For example, King Henry II, who took the throne in 1154, ordered the import of large horses from Flanders into the country to improve the breed.
The government of Henry VIII issued the first state acts prohibiting the breeding of heavy draft breeds whose height is less than 154 cm. To increase height, it was recommended to cross Shires with German, Belgian and Dutch breeds.
Queen Elizabeth, who ascended the throne in 1558, played a significant role in the development of “great horses”; she also demanded that the government increase the number of heavy draft horses.
In order to achieve optimal parameters for the breed, breeders were prohibited from introducing representatives into the breed whose parameters were less than the lower limit of measurements. This was monitored, and starting in the 17th century, breeders could be punished for such non-compliance. When exported outside England, horses also underwent careful control. Individuals with insufficient growth were prohibited from being exported even to Scotland and Ireland.
In 1878, a stud book was published, in which the ancestor of the new breed was indicated. This honor went to a stud stallion with the funny nickname Blind Horse. From this point on, the Shire breed is monitored in detail.
Most likely, the founder of the breed was not blind, it was just the owner’s imagination, but some historians claim that a similar defect occurred.
Actually, in 1878, a society of horse breeders specializing in breeding shires was organized. And in 1880, a special student book was established, which stored important information about the breed. As soon as the English draft horse became the subject of special exhibitions, the studbook began to record the colts, mares and adult stallions selected for shows.
It is interesting to note that the English draft horses did not immediately acquire their name. At first the name Great Horse was encountered, which translates as “great horse”. Later the breed began to be called Old English and English. In the 18th century, the names "English Raven" and "Lincolnshire Giant" were common names. Then the name “shire” was assigned to the breed, which can be translated as “border” or “county”.
Appearance of stallions
Shire horses stand out in a special way. Breeders paid great attention to this point. According to the standard, stallions can be of three colors:
- blacks;
- bay;
- gray.
A small amount of white spots is acceptable in the color. This could be an arrow on the muzzle from the forehead to the tip of the nose or white stockings.
According to the breed standard, stallions cannot be less than the following parameters:
- height at the withers - from 173 cm and above;
- permissible horse weight - from 900 kg (on average 1100-1200 kg);
- girth chest starts from 215 cm (average - 255 cm);
- the metacarpus of the forelimb is at least 25 cm in girth.
They judge by the pastern general development bones and tendon-ligamentous apparatus of the animal. This is the part of the leg between the carpus and the pastern (fet bone). The structure of the pastern varies among horses of different breeds. Heavy trucks are characterized by a rounded shape, on which the tendons are not visible, but palpable.
Appearance of mares
For the purity of the breed, the appearance and quality of the mares is also important, but some liberties are allowed here. So, for example, you can add roan to the three main colors. In addition, the number of white markings is not so strictly regulated. There may be more of them than is acceptable for stallions.
When measuring the parameters of mares, it is always taken into account that they are somewhat smaller and lower. In this case, the minimum height of the horse is measured from 163 cm at the withers.
Distinctive features of the exterior
In addition to height, weight and chest girth, there are a number of features of the breed's exterior. All representatives are characterized by a massive head with a wide forehead. The nose has a characteristic hump. The ears are not too large, rather medium in size. All Shire horses have a short, high neck, a strong, short back, muscular shoulders and steep shoulder blades. The breed is characterized by a long and wide croup with a high-set tail.
Horses have a lush flowing mane. It can be long or medium; owners often braid special braids for beauty. different types. Sometimes ribbons or colored threads are woven into them. Some owners prefer decorative haircuts for their pets' manes. Since Shire horses often participate in competitions and exhibitions, very great importance is attached to the appearance of the mane.
Particular attention is paid to the legs. They should be long, strong and powerful. Lush and shaggy friezes grow on the carpal and hock joints, giving the breed a special chic. The hooves must be large to support the weight of the animal. Most often they are completely hidden under the so-called brush (frieze).
Intrabreed types
Historically, within a breed, animals are divided into several types. Shires bred by Yorkshire horse breeders have a leaner build and have greater stamina. Animals raised in Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire have more pronounced brushes on their legs and a more bony build.
Attempts at distant exports
In Europe, the breed took root well, which led to its high popularity. But in 1853, several shires were exported to America. Transporting animals was quite expensive and difficult, so the United States was not particularly interested in importing English heavy trucks until 1880. However, the European breed in America was a worthy competitor to the local heavy-duty Percherons. Since about 1910, horses have not only been imported into the country, but also bred locally. During this period, almost 80% of the world's Shire population was raised in the United States.
Shires were brought into Russia only for the purpose of breeding and improving local heavy breeds. For example, the blood of shires is present in Vladimir heavy trucks. Their characteristics were better, but this was not enough for the “English” to oust the domestic “strongmen”.
World record holder
The Shire draft horse is considered the largest horse in the world. This breed holds records for height and weight. Even average representatives amaze the imagination with their size and power. What can we say about the recognized record holder! The world record belongs to the largest shire stallion, whose height at the withers was 219 cm, and the horse’s weight exceeded 1520 kg. The record was set in 1846; the foal was originally named Samson, but then his name was changed.
The record holder's birthplace is Toddington Mills, Bedfordshire.
Notable representatives
Thanks to accurate accounting and full lists exhibition animals, the names of the most prominent representatives of the breed of those times have reached us:
- Lincoln 1345.
- Machless 1509.
- William Conqueror 2343.
- John Bull 1180.
These stallions became the progenitors of a large number of breed champions. They produced several lines of exhibition representatives with a powerful article and solid growth.
Today the stallion Cracker is considered the largest Shire in Europe. According to 2007 data, his height is 198 cm, and his weight exceeds 1200 kg. Cracker's homeland is Lincolnshire. In the world, the largest shire from Australia is Noddy (in some sources Nobby). His height is 205 cm.
How to care for an English draft dog
It cannot be said that keeping a Shire is very different from keeping other heavy draft breeds. Since the animal is large, it requires more quantity feed Up to 17 kg of hay and fresh grass per day. Record-breaking horses require more than 25 kg of feed per day. Concentrated fertilizers are rarely used; fertilizers for forcing growth are not used at all. Herbal flour and cake can be used as concentrates. The daily dose of such feeding is about 7 kg. Shires love apples, beets and carrots. It is important to remember to give your horse clean water.
Mane and tail care is mandatory for this breed. If the animal has long friezes on its legs, then they are also regularly washed and combed. For hygiene procedures, special shampoos and conditioners are used. Braiding your hair keeps your mane and tail from getting tangled.
Like other breeds, the Shire requires cleanliness in the stable. It is important that the bedding in the stall is dry. If not properly cared for, animals' feet are susceptible to biting midges. This problem is especially common in horses with coarse and coarse hair in the frieze area. To prevent biting midges, horses' legs are washed, dried and crushed with fine sawdust. After some time, the sawdust is combed out of the friezes.
The animal must be able to move daily. Be sure to take long walks and expose them to reasonable exercise.
Character
Shires have a surprisingly flexible disposition. This horse is not afraid of work; it will obediently carry out any command. Dissatisfaction and irritation are extremely rare. Kindness, loyalty and obedience are the main character traits of the animal.
Riders who present horses at shows and competitions know that it takes strength and confidence to control such a horse. Giants easily carry loads, their gait is smooth and measured, but putting them into a gallop is not an easy task. And given the power, it’s also dangerous. In addition, it is quite difficult to stop a galloping shire, so such experiments are carried out infrequently.
How are things today?
Technological progress has brought English heavy trucks to the brink of survival. Their numbers have dropped critically. Today there are only a few hundred shires in Europe. For this reason, purebred Shire foals are highly valued by connoisseurs. Each of them is recorded and tracked.
Breeders are trying their best to increase the number of animals and preserve the breed, but this is not easy work. A stud book is still kept, in which all foals are entered according to a three-stage principle. The main section is reserved for purebred offspring.
There is a special classification for “half marriages”. Offspring (fillies) from a registered stallion and unregistered mares are classified in category “A”. This new filly is then mated to a registered stallion, and their offspring (fillies) move into the “B” category. A filly in the "B" category is mated to a registered stallion and these offspring are considered purebreds. Only mares of purebred origin are allowed for selection.
To prove paternity, each foal undergoes a DNA test, based on which it is assigned to a specific category.
How the approach to using the breed has changed
A strong and resilient Shire horse was capable of carrying a large load on its back. In the 16th century, such a horse turned out to be indispensable during military operations, since chain mail, armor and weapons had considerable weight. However, gradually the uniforms of the military changed, and as they faded into history, the need for heavy trucks for the army became less.
The 19th century gave impetus to the development of agriculture and trade. The Shires are the main labor force on farms, in ports, and on the railroad. Heavy harnesses moved both along city roads and outside cities.
With the advent of cars, freight transport and trams, raising and feeding draft horses became unprofitable. Small farmers switched to more economical breeds. This almost caused the complete destruction of the breed, which lost its attractiveness. However, thanks to enthusiasts of their craft, the breed has been preserved.
Today, the Shire is a horse whose price is comparable to elite horses. In Russia, the cost of an English heavy truck is approximately 1 million rubles. The breed is used for exhibitions and competitions. Often, thoroughbred stallions participate in advertising campaigns and filming videos. Shiras have gained particular popularity among beer producers. They are harnessed to promotional carts loaded with beer kegs.
However, all this does not mean that horses have lost the skills of agricultural and cargo work. They can easily pull a carriage, a loaded cart and a plow. Individuals that are not suitable for breeding work can be found on farms and private farmsteads.
Shire horses are very hardy, strong and at the same time graceful. You can’t help but love such animals; they delight you with their appearance and intelligence.
