A terrible blow to the face with a hoof. On the issue of injuries in equestrian sports. Is the horse hit hard?

I didn’t think that this would happen to me, but the stars aligned - on May 24, I was hit by a car. What and how is no longer important, they immediately sent me to the hospital. Everything turned out to be not as simple as at first glance, and very expensive.

First of all, they placed the apparatus in the crushed pelvis, which is in the photo, the next step will be an operation on a broken arm for bone ossenosynthesis (if it’s simple, they will insert different knitting needles, pins, a plate, screws. And into the pelvis a new device with increased fixation, instead of a temporary one.

If everything goes well (today the operation is 2 in 1), then in a week you will be able to get up on crutches. And learn to jump again, but with the device. Minimum 1.5 months. And broken ribs after that are nonsense.

Such are the things. I say directly and without subterfuge: I’m not doing all this alone. Only for hardware (the first device, payment for the second, for a set of implants for the hand) + for “little things”, it has already cost about 30,000 hryvnia





About 20,000 hryvnia were also spent on medications and consumables during the 16 days of hospital stay. I don’t know how much is ahead.

It’s as if I’ve always had an ambivalent attitude towards people who ask for money on the Internet, and from strangers, but just like that, a stone fell from the sky and onto me. My friends told me straight out: that you, like a virgin, by God...


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Hope for understanding. Thank you in advance. All the best!

Ps
On June 9, the operation was successful. I’m recovering, they lifted me up on crutches within the ward

Now 23, Cassie Fitch posted "heartbreaking" photos of her crushed skull online.

The woman suffered from the pranks of the stallion, whom she herself sheltered. The male horse repaid the kindness of his new mistress in a very unique way. However, Cassie does not blame the animal for what happened.

Fitch suffered a brain tumor, a broken nose and crushed sinuses after the terrified stallion named Andretti lost control.

An accountant from Phoenix, Cassie was sent flying backwards when Andretti, who she had adopted three days earlier, kicked her between the eyes.

The victim spent more than a week in the intensive care unit. She needed major surgery to install metal plates in her skull.

Despite her complete recovery, the horse riding enthusiast suffers from memory problems and headaches from time to time.

Fitch said: "I don't blame Andretti for what happened to me. But what happened had a serious impact on me."

"I felt like I had been hit by a train. I have never felt such pain in my life, and I will never forget it."

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"All of a sudden the stallion took off and dragged me. I didn't want to jog after him or lose sight of him, so I continued to hold him."

Cassie continues, "Somehow I ended up behind the stallion. As he fled, he hit me in the head with his hoof, sending me flying."

"Blood was pouring everywhere and I was in excruciating pain. I don't know how, but I managed to crawl to the curb and someone called 911."

With her face covered in blood, Fitch was rushed to the emergency room at Paradise Valley Hospital in Phoenix.

After carefully examining the patient's injuries, doctors transported Cassie to the intensive care unit at Phoenix Baptist Hospital.

There they explained to her that she had minor swelling of the brain, a skull fracture, a broken nose and crushed sinuses.

In addition, the rider had a serious wound on her forehead - about an inch deep. The wound was stitched up urgently.

Ten days later, Fitch underwent an eight-hour operation. Surgery helped straighten the nose and insert plates into the skull.

Despite the serious consequences of the blow, Cassie lost consciousness for only an hour. She spent an additional eight days in the intensive care unit.

While most people would probably become terrified of riding after something like this, Fitch was back in the saddle after just twelve weeks.

Today, the rider is determined to help train horses for people who suffer from mental and physical health problems.

She stated: “I was determined to ride as soon as I could.”

“A lot of people were very angry with Andretti and wanted me to put him down or get him on a different horse.”

"But I don't agree with them. What happened to me was an accident, and Andrietti is not to blame. He is such a beautiful horse, and I love him as much as before what happened to me."

"What happened reminded me how special horses are in handling them. Riding is in my blood and I won't stop despite the incident."

Cassie began taking riding lessons at the age of three. She even took part in various equestrian competitions at the international level.

She already had two horses by the time Fitch decided to take in six-year-old Andrietti, whom they wanted to kill, in 2014.

/ Vlasyuk I.V. // Selected issues of forensic medical examination. - Khabarovsk, 2013 - No. 13. — P. 70-74.

On the issue of injuries in equestrian sport

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On the issue of injuries in equestrian sport / Vlasyuk I.V. // Selected issues of forensic medical examination. - Khabarovsk, 2013. - No. 13. — P. 70-74.

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Injuries caused by horses can be encountered in rural areas, in organizations involved in keeping and breeding horses, as well as during equestrian sports. According to foreign authors, damage resulting from contact with horses occurred on farms in 15% of cases, in places equipped for equestrian sports in 15% of cases, and in 3.5% when horses moved on roads. The remaining cases are associated with injuries to people in grazing areas, at entertainment events, etc.

The level of injuries associated with horses is always high due to the fact that the horse is a fairly powerful animal, which is always stronger and faster than a human. In the process of evolution, the horse acquired two weapons for defense - the front teeth and strong legs equipped with hooves. When defending themselves, horses are usually limited to single bites or kicking.

Equestrian sport is not in the top ten according to injury statistics dangerous species sports. The most common fall is from a horse, which differs little in height from a fall from the same sports equipment or fence and threatens, mainly, with injury only under the weight of its own weight. The most dangerous falls with a horse are when the horse covers a person, since the weight of the animal is on average about 500 kg. It is dangerous to fall on your side with your horse. In this case, the most injured part of the rider is the legs. Falling forward with the horse can most often be observed at a gallop, when the horse stumbles and falls on its front legs or somersaults forward.

A fall from a horse, especially while galloping, is comparable in trauma to falling from a height of the 5th floor or falling out of a moving car. The horse's speed can reach 50 km/h. Severe injuries The rider may fall and become entangled in the stirrup at the beginning of the movement. In this case, the horse repeatedly hits him with his hind hooves, trying to throw him off, and steps on him. There are known cases of multiple fractures of the pelvic bones and fractures of long tubular bones. If the fall occurs while galloping, with the leg not freed from the stirrup, in addition to the injury of the entangled limb, the rider receives severe injuries to the head and upper body as a result of contact with the ground and being dragged along it. When falling with a horse, combined fractures of long tubular bones and a fracture of the spine can occur.

The horse may also hit the rider with its poll when throwing its head back in an attempt to get rid of the rider. The blow falls on the face area with damage to the bones of the facial skeleton, loss of consciousness and a fall with entanglement in the stirrups. A horse can deliberately crush its rider with its weight - a technique that is used to free itself from a predator that has jumped on its back. The rider is injured both from falling and from being crushed by the weight of the horse.

In general, injuries can be divided into minor ones, which do not require medical intervention (abrasions and bruises), and severe ones (wounds, fractures, concussions and bruises). internal organs). Severe injuries in people who are in constant contact with horses occur in 2.5%, mild injuries in 20% of those in contact. The bulk of injuries are caused by animal bites and kicking.

Horse bite associated with her behavioral reactions. The horse drives flies and gadflies that bite it away from its body with its teeth and can easily bite a hand that gets in the way. You can get injured from a horse's teeth if you quietly approach him and touch his body, or when feeding him by hand. This type of injury is caused by a combination of a wide viewing angle of the horse's eye (300°) and poor, non-contrast vision.

Foals bite very often, which is associated with mastering the surrounding world and testing everything “to the teeth.” Bites from foals and young horses (up to two and a half years old) are especially dangerous, since they have small teeth with a rounded, small-area incisal surface with large gaps. Biting in horses is part of mating games, and therefore, as a special gratitude and affection for a person, she can bite a person’s hand or neck. Serious injury can occur if you try to separate rival or fighting adult stallions. Thus, when bitten, as a rule, the hands are affected; bites on the head are possible.

A horse's bite is very strong. Cases of partial amputation of fingers and the formation of bite-scalp wounds have been described. The strength of a horse's bite is determined not only by the massiveness of the masticatory muscles, but also by the relative position of the incisors of the upper and lower jaws relative to each other. The incisors of a young horse are arranged in a semicircle, and the bite is straight or pincer-shaped; in a mature one, the arch is flatter, and the position of the jaws takes the form of an acute angle.

When bitten by a horse, abrasions, wounds, and bruises remain. The formation of certain injuries is determined by the force of the bite and the condition of the teeth, the presence or absence of clothing, the area of ​​the bite, as well as the type of bite (static or dynamic). With a static bite of an array of soft tissues, such as a shoulder, arched bruises up to 3.0 cm wide are formed, with unclear edges, and an extensive hematoma in the subcutaneous tissue. The massiveness of the bruise is due to the force of compression, the wide bite surface, and significant tissue capture. When sufficiently thin skin located over bone formations is captured, superficial wounds are formed. When a part of the body is withdrawn or the horse moves its head, the bite becomes dynamic in nature, and linear deposits arise from the bruise, thinning in the final part of the mark. If a wound is formed with a static bite, then with a dynamic bite it can take on a scalped appearance.

The second most common injuries, after a bite, are from hoof strike. The horse is capable of kicking with one leg or with both legs at once, and in this case the strongest and most powerful blow is delivered. The force of a horse's hoof can reach 500–600 kg. Due to anatomical feature Due to the structure of the legs, the horse cannot kick sideways with its hoof; it only kicks forward or backward. Other things being equal, the most swipe applied at the end of the hoof, when maximum speed is reached. When hit at the beginning of the hoof movement, energy is transferred to the entire body, resulting in a kickback and fall to the ground, which aggravates the nature of the injury. With the front leg bent in knee joint and examining the hoof, the horse may deliver a short but no less noticeable blow. In the above impacts, the arch of the hoof faces downward or posteriorly, and the back of the hoof, which is not covered with keratin, faces upward, which can serve as a differential sign of the type of impact. It has been noted that the horse strikes more often with the hind legs with the entire plantar surface of the hoof, while with the front legs it strikes with the rib. In defense, the horse can rear up and sharply hit the enemy from top to bottom with its front hooves. In this case, the arch of the hoof faces upward or forward. In this case, there is also a high probability that after the victim falls, the horse will crush him with its entire mass.

Considering hooves as a traumatic instrument, one may encounter two cases: damage from shod and unshod hooves. Unshod animals usually live in herds. Damage may occur to herd keepers or persons who accidentally wander into the herd. Since the hoof is not cloven, unlike cattle hooves, the impact results in arched or circular abrasions and bruises. In addition, the equid hoof itself is larger in area. The most painful blows are caused by foals, as they have small hooves equipped with a sharp edge. A blow from a foal results in abrasions and bruises, accompanied by deep hematomas.

Damage from shod animals occurs in rural areas. The source of danger is working horses used on the farm. In the city, you can meet shod horses at hippodromes, equestrian clubs, and entertainment venues where horse riding is performed.

The horseshoe has the shape of a partial circle and is made of metal. To move over different terrain, it can have various protruding surfaces - stumps, spikes, slots, etc. Each horseshoe, depending on its purpose, has one or another set of group characteristics that can serve for group identification.

Horseshoes can be handmade, but more often industrially produced horseshoes with standard or removable spikes are used. The minimum weight of a horseshoe is 200 g, the maximum is 720 g. The width of a medium-sized horseshoe is about 22 mm, thickness is 8 mm. The plantar surface of the horseshoe is flat; the lower one is usually semicircular or has bevels. At the front of the horseshoe there is usually an upward flap - a tongue that helps secure the horseshoe more firmly to the hoof. On the bottom surface of the horseshoe there is a nail track in which the heads of the horseshoe nails are located. Horseshoes for the front hooves have a rounded shape, for the rear hooves they are slightly more elongated, which corresponds to the shape of the front and rear hooves.

Identification by narrow group characteristics is possible by damage to the skull bones (depressed fracture) in the presence of major operational defects on the horseshoe (nicks, defects). A necessary condition is to promptly remove the horseshoe as a traumatic weapon, since new metal defects may form during operation.

The structure and shape of the horseshoe and hoof determine the damage they leave. Depending on the force of the impact, bruises, abrasions, bruised wounds, and bone fractures may occur. When struck with the flat of a horseshoe, round bruises with clearing in the center appear, comparable in size to the diameter of the horseshoe. When struck at an angle or contact not with the entire plane, arc-shaped bruises appear, corresponding to the width of the metal strip of the horseshoe. When struck by the edge of a horseshoe, abrasions, wounds and bone fractures usually occur. Perforated fractures of the bones of the cranial vault are possible when a hoof rib hits the temporal region. Abrasions can be static (stamped) - reflecting the structure and relief of the horseshoe, and dynamic - reflecting the structure of the contact area at the beginning of the injury. The wounds resulting from the blow have an arcuate shape with pronounced subsidence, crushing of the edges, connective tissue bridges at the ends and corners of the wound - all the signs of exposure to a blunt hard object with a weakly defined edge can be found in the wound. When examining the damage, particles of soil, grass, and manure are found.

If it hits the head area, depressed and terrace-shaped fractures of the bones of the cranial vault of a crescent or crescent shape may occur. In such cases, severe brain contusion develops. Linear cracks and fractures of the bones of the cranial vault often form, moving to the base on the side of the impact. When a hoof strikes the chest area, local extension fractures of the ribs occur, accompanied by contusion of the lungs and heart. If there is a blow to the abdominal area, there will be ruptures of parenchymal and hollow organs, and possible damage to the pelvic bones. When it hits the bones of the forearm and small tubular bones, cracks and fractures occur. When examining the area of ​​skin damage using the contact-diffusion method, the presence of a metal – iron – can be detected.

A horse can not only kick with its hoof, but also accidentally step on its foot. The hoof pressure in a standing position is from 100 to 150 kg, and when lowering the leg, the pressure force increases to 1000 kg. Impact on the dorsum of the foot, especially with a shod hoof, usually results in extensive bruising, often accompanied by a fracture of the metatarsal bones and phalanges.

When examining clothing in the area of ​​a hoof strike, one can detect compression of the fibers at the site of the impact of the horseshoe, sometimes linear tears from the action of the rib or cruciform tears from the action of the spikes and stumps of the horseshoe. When examining the area of ​​damaged clothing using the contact-diffusion method, the presence of metal – iron – is detected.

It is dangerous to be near a horse in a small room, which happens in cases of transportation and loading into vehicle. A horse can press a person against a wall or side, push him with his chest or croup. What most often suffers in these cases is rib cage, which is expressed in the phenomena of bruises and fractures of the ribs.

Besides everything, a horse can cause tail damage. While driving away insects, a horse can accidentally cause quite a noticeable blow to the eyes of a person standing nearby, especially if debris or plant thorns are stuck in the tail hairs. In this case, contusion of the eyeball occurs, the phenomena of keratitis, blepharitis, etc.

Thus, equestrian sports and caring for horses can lead to injuries of different mechanisms of formation and nature, the morphological picture of which is sometimes not specific, and the lack of preliminary information can lead to incorrect interpretation of injuries.

Bibliography:

1. Northey, G. Equestrian injuries in New Zealand, 1993–2001: knowledge and experience // NZMJ. – 2003. – Vol. 116, No. 1182. – P. З73-381.