It has become one of the most popular and beloved sports, which has millions of fans around the world. The spectacle of the tournaments gathers fans in the stands and at the TV screens, many of whom are not averse to learning to play tennis themselves. This sport is considered aristocratic, since earlier only rich people could play it. Fortunately, now there are no such restrictions, and anyone can learn such a game, the main thing is to know the rules. Below we will try to describe the main tennis rules.
Rule one. Serving in tennis.
The game begins with a serve, that is, putting the ball into play. The serve is considered to have taken place if the ball, having flown over the net, ended up on the territory of the opponent. It begins with the fact that the player throws the ball into the air with his hand, and then, hitting it with a racket, completes the serve. For those who play with one hand, it is allowed to throw the ball up with a racket. The rules allow serving not only from above, but also from below.
When serving in tennis, according to the rules of the game, it is prohibited:
1. Walk or run, thereby changing your location
2. Jump, that is, tear off both legs from the surface at once
3. Step out of bounds
4. Bring the foot over the back line, and even more so step over it
Always serve diagonally. As shown in the diagram, from the first position the ball should fly to the first service field, and from the second, respectively, to the second.
Care must be taken not to go beyond the middle mark and the side line, but also, most importantly, not to step on the lines of their conditional continuation beyond the back border. When playing in pairs, the service position increases by 1.37m in width, since outer sides fenced from the sides with the lines of a steam platform. And yet, during the service in a doubles match, the player who does not serve can be at any point on his court.
According to the rules tennis the ball is considered served even if it touches any of the service boundary lines, however, the service is not considered if:
1. The ball is served incorrectly
2. The ball is served from a wrong position
3. The tossed ball fell
4. Server misses the ball
5. If the ball touched the net post before falling on the opponent's side
6. If the ball hit the net or went out of line
7. If the ball hit a teammate (during doubles)
If the serve is made incorrectly, then the point is not played. After the first failure, the player is given the opportunity to submit again, but if a misfire occurs the second time, then a point is awarded to the opponent.
It is important not to start to kick until the opponent is ready to parry the blow, because such a serve will not be counted and will have to be replayed. The receiver of the serve must indicate his unwillingness to receive the ball by shouting or raising his hand. If the player reported that he was not ready in time, but the serve was still made, then it is not taken into account and requires a second draw from the corresponding ball.
The unwillingness of a player to receive the ball when re-serving is taken into account in rare cases, such as being out of position when trying to save the first shot, or other unforeseen circumstances. Such circumstances include the presence of unauthorized persons on the court or the ball from the first serve that was not removed, the referee's error, and others.
The fact that prevented the ball from being sent to the opponent is regarded as a failed serve and requires a replay, and regardless of whether it was the first attempt or the second, the count of innings begins anew.
Also, the serve is considered invalid if the server catches the tossed ball with his hand instead of hitting it with the racket, or if the ball, properly served, hits the net or its regulator before falling into the opponent's field.
The serve will have to be replayed if the serving player, while the ball has not yet gone over the net, assumes a position that is contrary to the rules when serving, namely, jumps or crosses the lines of the field for service.
Rule two. Change of position when serving in tennis
In any game, the first serve always starts from the first position, and then until the end of the meeting, the players alternate their positions, that is, if at first the tennis player served from the first position, then he will send the ball to the opponent from the second, then again from the first and so on.
If in a doubles or singles game they serve improperly, that is, not diagonally, then the points that have already been played in the process are not canceled, but simply restored in order, but after the completion of the current serve.
At the end of the current game, next first given by the opponent. Players must alternate serves throughout the match.
If the order of serving is violated in a single or doubles match, then the points that have already been played in the process are not canceled, but simply restored to the correct order of serving. Thus, a mistake noticed after the end of the game does not affect the result, and the already changed serving queue remains so until the end of the match.
In the doubles game, there are several rules for the order of service:
1. First, the players decide among themselves which of them will serve first
2. The order is established before the start of each game
3. The order does not change during the entire meeting
If in a doubles game one of the athletes got out of turn, then the points that have already been played in the process are not canceled, but simply restored to the proper order of priority, but after the completion of the current serve.
An important rule in tennis regarding the position of players in a doubles match: each of the two players chooses for himself one (first or second) field for serving, which he cannot change throughout the meeting. At the same time, both before the start of the meeting itself, and a separate game, for each pair, the location of the players for serving is set - one occupies the first field, and the other the second. If during the course of the game the players have changed the fields of service, then the points that have already been played in the process are not canceled, however, after the end of the current game, the arrangement of the players must be restored in accordance with the declared order at the beginning of the game. They act in the same way if the mistake was noticed after the current game.
To determine the side of the field for the competition, lots are thrown before it starts. In this case, the order is as follows: whoever wins the lot, he chooses the side, while his opponent chooses who will serve. Thus, the player who wins the toss has the right to oblige the opponent to choose service or side, but only one.
Rule three. Playing points in tennis
As soon as an error-free service has been made, the point draw begins. It continues with the opponents throwing a tennis ball over the net until one side wins. The Point Play Rules state that during the game you must be guided by these rules for any actions that are prohibited during this draw. Namely, if during the draw it is noticed that the net is at the wrong height, then the game is stopped, and the point is played again, and only from the first serve. With regard to an incorrect net height noticed after a point has been played, the score will not be annulled and the net height will be promptly adjusted to the correct height.
The ball is counted as reflected only when the player hit it with a racket or any part of the racket, and not with his hand. In this case, it is allowed to transfer the racket from one hand to the other, or hit the ball with a racket, which is clamped in both hands of the athlete.
The ball just served must be deflected by the player between the first and second touchdowns. As a result, all balls can be reflected not only in the manner described above, but also from the summer.
The point is won by the participant, from whose blow the ball landed on the opponent's playing field or only touched the lines limiting the field. A ball that hits an object (except for a net post) beyond the lines that define the playing field is considered a loser. At different sites, a losing ball is determined by hitting various obstacles: the ceiling and walls if the court is closed, or the referee's tower, benches, chairs, and so on.
Landing within the lines of the field, the ball is considered to be correctly deflected, regardless of the fact that it touched the net, the post or flew over the side of the post, it does not matter above or below. However, if during the flight the ball hit the opening between the net and the post, then in any game - singles or doubles, it is regarded as illegal.
Players can deflect balls from the volley, that is, before it touches down and bounces off the ground. Also, from the summer you can parry blows while outside playing field, because this is not a violation of the rules, which means that the point will not be suspended. An exception is the case of receiving the submission, which is described in detail above.
During a doubles game for any of the players of a particular pair, it is possible to reflect the ball's blows, being on any part of the playing field, with the exception of moments when serving. In order to score a point in a doubles game, one player from the pair must hit the ball. If the ball is touched by both players with rackets, then a point is awarded to the opponent. However, if one player hits the ball with his racket, and the other player accidentally touches his partner's racket with his racket, then the game continues.
A point is awarded to a side if the opponent:
1. Fails to serve correctly in two attempts.
2. Reflect the ball from the serve to its landing, it does not matter in which part of its field the player is located.
3. Reflect the ball, but not to the opponent, but to the side.
4. Hits a reflected ball with the racket twice or first catches the ball on the racket and then throws it to the opponent.
5. Reflect the ball with a racket that is not in the hand, but, for example, thrown into the air.
6. Turns out to be accidentally hit by the ball, reflects or hits the ball with the racket before it lands when receiving the serve. When playing in pairs, this rule applies to two players, that is, a player who did not beat off and did not receive a serve suddenly touches the ball, or the ball hits him, then given party will lose a point.
7. Touches anything other than the ball, the net or its fixtures, or the opponent's territory. In a doubles game, a point goes to the side whose opponents hit the net and fences during the rally or hit the racket over the net on the opponent's side during the rally. It is unacceptable to jump over the net, even if it happened by inertia, and this applies not only to existing boundaries, but also to imaginary ones.
8. Hit the ball before it crosses the net boundary. This rule also applies when the opponent, parrying the blow, transfers his racket or other part of the body through the net to the side of the opponent. Exceptions are cases when the opponent hooked the net after he hit the ball with the racket and ran into it by accident, by inertia. Sometimes it is necessary to touch the net due to the fact that the ball to be hit lands near the net due to strong rotation or wind. Such a ball must be thrown to the other side only with a racket, because if the player touches the ball with anything else, he will lose . He will also lose if he hits the ball into the net from the opponent's side. The opponent will not lose if he reflects the ball according to the rules, and after hitting it, due to inertia, he will hit his opponent through the net. Such a stroke is protected by these rules.
9. Reflect the ball, sent to him by all the rules, after the second landing. In general, the ball, if it lands in bounds, must be returned by the player to whom the ball was intended, regardless of how the ball rebounded after landing. In the event that the ball did not bounce at all, but rolled, the point is considered played and is not subject to replay. In other words, you need to reflect any ball, of course, filed in accordance with all the rules, which is within the playing field. But at the same time, the point is not protected if the reflected ball is not the one that flew and bounced, but the one that could also bounce, because it was lying on the court.
10. Sometimes the referee may interrupt and then resume a point in the event of an unforeseen obstacle in the path of the ball. The rally is resumed with a serve in the same field, and the rally begins without fail from the first serve, despite the fact that it can already be used. Unforeseen, random obstacles during the draw of a point include the same unforeseen obstacles as during the serving. All sorts of accidents that can happen to the player himself are not grounds for replaying a point. Such unpleasant incidents include a fall, a twisted leg or convulsions, a speck in the eye, as well as collisions between players in a doubles game and any interference that occurs through the fault of a partner. For a point to be replayed, the referee must have grounds for such a decision. The decision itself depends on the degree of interference and the significance of the point. If it was difficult for the athlete to deflect the ball, but the interference was not significant and the point will not affect the result, then most likely the referee will decide not to replay. But if, on the contrary, and it is this point that can affect the outcome of the meeting, the interference was not significant, and it was not difficult to reflect the ball, then the point should be played again.
Rule four. Tennis score
Any game always starts the same way - with the serve of one of the players, who throws the ball up and sends it towards the opponent according to the rules for serving, which were discussed above. Thus, if the serve has taken place, the point draw begins and it continues by alternately throwing the ball to each other until one of the parties allows the ball to fall in its half of the field, that is, it cannot reflect the ball. As soon as the first point is played, the fight for the second point begins, and so on, until one side wins the game or game. In order to win the game, a side needs to earn at least four points and gain a two-point advantage over its opponent.
When scoring each game, you need to know some features:
1. For winning the contest for the first point, 15 points are awarded, when the same side wins again, it is awarded another 15 points, thus the score becomes 30 in its favor. For the third point won, the player is awarded another 10 and the total score becomes 40 to 0. With this score, if you win the fourth point, you can win the game.
2. For convenience, the score is fixed by the words "more", "less" and "exactly", so it is important to know the meaning of these words when calculating results in tennis.
The word "exactly" means the same number of points starting from the fourth point, that is, the term "exactly" is not used when the opponents have won one point each and have 15 points each.
Word "more" applies after the fifth point has been played if the server has won a point after the score was tied, i.e. “flat”, or lost one point after the score was 40/15.
Word "less" also used after the fifth point in case the server lost a point after the score was tied, i.e. "flat", or won one point after the score was 15/40.
The following options for scoring are possible: 15/0, 0/15, 30/0, 0/30, 40/0, 0/40, 15/15 - fifteen, but not “exactly”, 30/15, 15/30 , 40/15, 15/40, over, under, even, and game. In this case, the score is kept from the points of the server.
When one game ends, the next one begins, and after it, it continues like this until the moment when either side wins the set or game. A game or set is declared won when a side has won six games and gained an advantage over the other by at least two games. That is, in order to win the game, you need to beat your opponent in at least six games. Games are usually scored in an order that starts with a higher score, such as five-three, six-five, eight-seven, and so on.
When the opponents have five games, then the next game won gives one side only a one-digit advantage with a score of 6/5, and if the side wins again, then it wins the set with a score of 7/5. And with a score of 6/5, the losing side can even the score if they win the game, then the score becomes “six” (6/6), and the game continues until the two-point advantage of one of the parties.
If we are not talking about the final of a major championship, then the rules of the competition allow awarding a victory to a side with a margin of one game 7/6. In this case, with the score “by six”, the final 13th game is played. Typically, such a decisive game is played according to a special "tie-break" scoring system, which implies the following single player rules:
1. One point is awarded for a won ball. The player who first scores seven points wins the game, but only on condition that his opponent is two points behind him. Otherwise, the game will continue until the moment when one of the opponents gets an advantage of two points.
2. The play for the first point begins with the service of the player who is to serve in turn, and his opponent must serve in the next two games to play the second and third points. Then each of the players serves in turn when playing the next two points until the winning side of the decisive game, and, accordingly, the set is determined.
3. If an error is found in the order of innings, proceed as follows:
a) If a wrong order is noticed after the first point has been played, it is counted and the correct order of serves is immediately restored;
b) If an incorrect order of innings is noticed after the second point has been played, then the order is left unchanged.
4. To draw odd points, you need to serve from the first zone, and to draw even points from the second.
5. If the fact of serving is found not from the zone from which the serving should be made, all points played up to this point are counted, and the serving order is restored without delay. After every six points have been played and until the end of the game, the opponents must alternate sides of the court.
When the first set ends, the next one begins and so on until the side wins the meeting or match. In order to win a match, a side needs to win in two or three sets, but how many wins in sets are needed depends on the conditions of the competition.
Matches usually consist of three or five games. If the meeting is determined by a draw of three games, then winning in two sets will be enough to win the match, but if the match is of five games, then three sets must be won. It is worth noting that when meeting in a match of three games with a score of 2/0, it makes no sense to play the third set, since for a side to win it is enough to win two sets in a row. They do the same when they play a match of five games: if the side won three sets in a row, then the game is stopped, and the player is awarded a victory with a score of 3/0.
Rule five. Raffle matches at tennis competitions
In each game, after the end of the first game, the sides must change places on the playing court. This rule must be observed in order to equalize the chances of rivals, because the outcome of the match can be influenced by such external factors as lighting intensity, wind strength and some others. Throughout the match, players change places after the first, third, and then each of the subsequent odd-numbered games, as well as at the end of the entire game with an odd number of games. Although, this rule must be followed regardless of the odd or even number of games in the previous set.
In both singles and doubles, the requirements for the serve are the same: it must be made from the required side of the court. However, if an error occurs due to an oversight and the opponents change sides of the playing field in the wrong order, then the score is not subject to revision, the points are not canceled, and the order remains unchanged until the next change of opponents after an odd number of games in this set.
The play of a point does not start without the appropriate permission of the referee on the tower. The player may not start serving until the referee has decided who will serve, and also before the score is announced after the point has been played.
It is forbidden for a player to start the second serve before the referee records the error that occurred during the first serve. In addition, the server is obliged to monitor whether the receiver is ready, because, despite the referee's command, the player who receives has the right to declare that he is not ready. The referee on the tower must carefully monitor the readiness of the receiving player and control that he does not waste time in vain, as well as the serving player, so that he does not rush to serve too much. In case of repeated warnings to any of the players, the referee has sufficient authority to stop the match.
The ball is in play while it is deflected by the opponents in the manner prescribed by these rules. As soon as the referee notices a mistake, he is obliged to fix it with an exclamation or a score.
The referee can fix the end of the draw of a point with a score in cases for which a decision in the form of a referee's exclamation is not provided. Such cases include the ball hitting the net, the lack of actions on the part of the player to reflect the ball, and others. This point end time rule should be referred to for all activities that are prohibited during such play. Prohibited actions are discussed in detail in the point section.
Men's competitions, consisting of three parties, are held without a break. A ten-minute break is allowed at the request of one of the players, and in men's tournaments, which consist of five games, a break is possible only after the third set, but in all women's tournaments it is allowed to take a break after the second game.
By the way, the rules for holding youth tournaments are no different from the rules for adults. This applies not only to breaks, but also to the number of games and the calculation of results. In addition to the breaks established by the rules of the match after the second or third game, there are exceptions - short-term breaks caused by accidental, force majeure circumstances. These include: failure sports equipment or netting equipment, failure of competitors' clothing or footwear, or injury to a player during play. Usually such breaks do not drag out, they quickly eliminate interference and continue the tournament.
In the event that a player does not have the opportunity to replace the equipment that has become unusable or he is injured and cannot continue the fight, then victory is awarded to his opponent.
To be late or not to come to the tournament for a player means to receive an automatic defeat.
The referee who directs the competition has the right to suspend and postpone the tournament due to poor conditions, such as poor lighting, unsatisfactory conditions of the grounds or bad weather. When the game is resumed, the score is started from the point at which it stopped, and the players are located on the court in the same way as in the interrupted meeting. Exceptions are cases of mutual agreement between players who, with the permission of the referee, have agreed that they will replay the game again.
It is the responsibility of the referee to determine and announce the timing of the daily end of the games in connection with the onset of the evening. Meetings that did not have time to complete before dark, according to the decision of the head judge, can be interrupted or continued, but not more than 10 minutes. After the 10 minutes have elapsed, the game can still be continued, this requires the consent of all participants and the approval of the referee. There is a time limit for meetings that are scheduled to take place in the late afternoon. For example, a three-set match cannot start later than 45 minutes before the daily end of games, and a five-set match later than 1 hour and 15 minutes.
It's no secret that an active lifestyle has a positive impact on absolutely all human organ systems. And a sport like tennis is no exception. The rules of tennis have been invented for a long time, but not all of us are familiar with them. So it's time to get an idea of this kind active rest(for someone work) and its nuances.
Who regulates tennis matches?
The International Tennis Federation is the main regulator of all issues that arise during the conduct and organization of various tournaments. The rules of tennis are also regulated and established by this sports supervisory authority.
So, the requirements say that a match can consist of either three or five sets. Accordingly, in order for an athlete to be considered a winner, he will need to defeat his opponent in at least two or three sets, that is, in most of them. The set itself can be given according to two typical schemes.
How is the score in the set?
Often it is played with the so-called tie-break. However, sometimes games are played without it.
If a tie-break is nevertheless provided, then in this case the victory in the set is awarded to the tennis player who first wins six games, but on condition that the opponent has a backlog of more than two games. When the score is 5:5, the set is played to 7. When the score becomes 6:6, the tie-break starts.
Score in the game and its features
It is noteworthy that the score in the game today is announced in the same way as in the era when tennis was born. The rules of the score have established that its announcement begins with the player who serves. If there are no points won, then zero is announced. Taking the first point - 15, the second - 30, the third - 40. Taking the fourth point guarantees victory in the game, but on condition that both opponents do not have 3 points each. In such a situation, the score is considered equal.
The next point, if the server wins it, gives advantage in the score. If the server loses this point, the receiving player already has the advantage and the score is declared lower. In order to win a game after a set, it is necessary to take two points in a row. Simply put, it is extremely important for an overscore server to take the next point to win the game.
Tie-break draw
During the tie-break, the scoring is based on the principle of "one", "two", etc. The required number of points is 7.
The athlete who first scored seven points wins the tie-break and the set, but for this it is necessary to have a lead of two or more points from the opponent. Otherwise, the game continues until such a gap is reached.
The tie-break service is given to the player who, in turn, must serve it. He also serves in the game for the first point. After that, the next two points are served by the opponent. Then the serves alternately pass from one tennis player to another until one of them wins.
Start of tennis match
We have reviewed the basic rules of tennis. Now let's focus our attention on how the match starts. First, the players determine who will be the first to serve, and also choose their sides of the court. The choice is made by lot. After each odd game, the players change sides.
Ball on the court
The ball is in play from the moment it is served until the episode when the point is not completed or an error is recorded when serving. Moreover, the rules of playing tennis for beginners speak of the same requirements. Sometimes the ball hits the line. In such situations, the ball will count as the line is an integral part of the court.
The player who took the kick will be awarded a point if the ball, after it has been served, enters the boundaries of the court and touches any possible permanent fixture of the court. If the ball touches a permanent fixture of the court before the bounce, then the point is awarded to the opponent.
The subtleties of the submission
Firstly, a tennis player is not allowed to step on the back line with his foot. Both legs should be behind her. In addition, the athlete must be positioned between the sideline and the mid-court line. When the player is in the correct position, he must toss the ball up and hit it with the racket. These elementary rules of tennis for dummies must be strictly observed.
Principle of scoring
A player can lose a point in the following situations:
- He makes a double fault on the serve.
- A player cannot kick the ball to the opposite side of the court.
- The ball after its impact does not fall into the boundaries of the court.
- Receives the ball before it bounces off the surface of the court.
- Touches the ball twice or more.
- The ball hits the player himself.
Pair play
In general, all the moments of the singles game completely coincide with the nuances of the game in pairs. Therefore, it should be borne in mind that the rules of doubles tennis are completely identical to the requirements of the same one-on-one game.
In those moments when disputes arise, they must be interpreted on the basis of the current rules regulated by the ITF. At competitions high level players and referees use a special video analysis system called "Hawk-Eye", which allows you to see in detail the interesting moment of the game.
Let's start with the basics. There are two ranking systems in the ATP Tour: the Emirates ATP Rankings (hereinafter simply Current Ranking) and the Emirates ATP Rankings Race to London (hereinafter Champion Race). What are these two rankings for? And, strictly speaking, why do we need exactly two ratings?
How is the current ranking of the ATP Men's Tennis Tour calculated?
Let's start in order with the usual Current Rankings (the Emirates ATP Rankings). This rating determines the current position of a tennis player in the rating and is recalculated every week from the start of the season for 52 weeks, which is how long the tennis season lasts.
It is according to this rating that tennis players enter tournaments, are selected for certain competitions without qualifications or, conversely, with qualifications. For example, Federer is now the first racket of the world, and Dudi Sela is the 98th. This means that Roger Federer will be seeded at number one in, say, Canada, and the Israeli, unfortunately, cannot even qualify for the tournament because of his low rating.
However, let's say Roger played badly in this tournament and dropped down to third place in the rankings after, say, losing in the first round.Therefore, in the next tournament, the Serb will be seeded under the 3rd number, if the first and second rackets participate in the tournament, if not, then, of course, higher.
How is the calculation of the set and loss of points in tournaments, we will describe below. We hope that everything is clear with the value of the Current rating. But this is the simplest part of the story.
How points are calculated in the current ATP men's tennis tour rankings
Now let's move on to more subtle points. Let's talk about how rating points are calculated. The calculation is carried out according to a very interesting formula. For tennis players from the top 30, the ranking is calculated based on the results from 18 tournaments. Exactly 18. Even if a tennis player theoretically wins 20 tournaments in a year, he will only receive rating points for 18 of them, excluding the 2 tournaments with the lowest number of points. What are these tournaments?
For tennis players from the top 30, it is mandatory, I repeat, mandatory participation in 4 tournaments Grand Slam, in the 8 tournaments of the Masters 1000+ series, the 6 best results of the tennis player from the remaining tournaments, namely from the ATP 500, ATP 250 and challengers, are then selected.
If a tennis player has played, say, 16 tournaments, he gets points for 16 tournaments, if he plays 25, then he gets points for 18 of his the best tournaments. If, say, due to an injury, a player missed an ATP 1000 series tournament, he can replace these points (they are 0) with points received from the remaining ATP 500 series and ATP 200 series tournaments or challengers, in order to end up with all the same 18 tournaments.
For players who are not in the top 30, the rules are very similar. For them, points are necessarily awarded for each of the 4 Grand Slam tournaments + 8 tournaments of the Masters 1000 series. The 6 best results in other tournaments are also taken into account, but no more than 4 best results in the ATP 500 category. This, perhaps, is the main distinction for guys not in the top 30.
Stan Wawrinka was a typical tennis player who took full advantage of the loopholes in the calculation of ratings. Having picked off a lot of defeats in the first rounds of the ATP-500 tournaments and below, he managed to stay in the top 5. Why? The fact is that Stan plays Grand Slams and major tournaments, as a rule, very collected and successful, and it is they who bring the lion's share of the rating to tennis players. While at small tournaments, Stan does not like to strain. This is not a bar business.
ATP 250, ATP 500, ATP 1000, TBSh 2000
Now let's move on to another question. Why are ATP tournaments ranked into 4 main categories: Grand Slams, ATP-1000, ATP - 500, ATP - 250? The answer is pretty simple. For the victory in the ATP-1000 series tournament, the tennis player receives 1000 rating points, for the victory in the ATP-500 - 500 points, and in the ATP-250 - 250 points, respectively. How many points does a tennis player get for winning a Grand Slam? He gets 2000 points! That's what the Grand Slam is for! We will not load you with numbers, how many points semi-finalists, quarter-finalists, etc. get. Those who are interested in delving into the details can easily find this information in the public domain. This is not the point of the article.
Perhaps the most important point in the calculation of the Current rating - this is a confirmation or unconfirmed rating points. What does it mean to confirm rating points? Let's explain with an example. Take Roger Federer next year. We all know that this year he won the Australian Open and got a fat 2000 points for it! This allowed him to quickly soar up the ranking ladder. However, next year Stan will have to validate those tennis points, which will be extremely, extremely difficult! What does "verify" mean in this case?
Confirmation of points in the current ranking
As we mentioned earlier, the Current Tennis Ranking is changed and recalculated after the end of each tournament. How is it recalculated? Let's go back to our example. Federer received 2,000 rating points for this Australia, that is, after this tournament, this number of points was added to him. At the next Australian Open, more precisely after its completion, last year's tennis player's points are replaced by those directly received at this year's tournament. In other words, if Roger reaches the AO Final next year and loses it, 2000 points for last year will be replaced by 1200 points, which rely on the finalist of the tournament.
It turns out that Roger will lose 800 points in the ranking even with an excellent performance. This is the whole point of confirming rating points. Briefly, this comparison current results tennis player with his last year at the same point in time with the appropriate adjustments. It is the confirmation of the rating, or, more precisely, its non-confirmation that sometimes causes surprise that, they say, the guy has reached the semi-finals of tournaments for the second week, and only falls in the rating.
At the same time, if a tennis player missed some segment of the season, then next year he does not have to confirm points from this segment, which is often beneficial.
How the Championship Race Rating is Calculated
With the current rating sorted out, let's now move on to the rating in the Champion race. With this rating, everything is much simpler and more transparent than with the previous one. What is the essence of this rating?
This rating determines the strongest tennis players according to the results of the current year and only the current one. At the end of the tennis season, the results are summed up, 7 or 8 of the strongest tennis players are selected to participate in the tournament of the strongest in London, and from the next season everyone starts again from the same positions, that is, from 0 points. I repeat, the Championship race is a tennis player's rating, which takes into account only the number of points that a player has earned this season without reference to last year's results. It does not affect the seeding of tennis players in any way, the Current Rating is responsible for this, and is specifically aimed at determining the 8 strongest tennis players of the current year by points scored.
Moreover, it is the Championship Race rating that determines the redistribution of the rating for the next year. For example, a tennis player may be ranked 5th in the Current Ranking, but only 9th in the Championship Race, which means that after the end of the tournament in Paris, when the Current Ranking is recalculated, he will only rank 9th. .
Another important feature of the championship race rating. As mentioned earlier, one of the objectives of this ranking is to determine the strongest to participate in the tournament in London. According to the rules of the Asia-Pacific Region, 7 are automatically selected for London the best tennis players from the championship rankings. I repeat, 7! The eighth ticket is received either by the winner of the Grand Slam of the current year, located between the 8th and 20th line in the ranking in the current Championship Race ranking, or, if there are none, simply the 8th racket in the Championship Race ranking.
In 2014, Marin Cilic qualified for London almost immediately after winning the US Open, because as a Grand Slam winner he could not simply fall below 20th line, which was almost impossible to do. Therefore, the flashy news about Cilic's qualification for the final tournament in December brought only a smile to the lips... After all, it was known back in September.
Well, the last. After the end of the tennis season, and in fact this is after the Davis Cup final, the so-called rating normalization takes place. What does this mean? At the end of each year (if the first rating number has more than 4000 points), the rating is normalized - that is, the points of each tennis player are multiplied by the same coefficient, the value of which is K = 4000 / k1 (k1 is the number of points for the first rating number).
Thus, after normalization, the first number in the ranking will have 4000 points, and the difference in points between individual tennis players will decrease somewhat. In other words, the starting positions for the current ranking of the next year are determined, the initial number of points for each tennis player. The Championship Race rating is reset, and tennis players start the new season again.
As you could see in the last article, tennis is a game with great story. Basic Rules of Tennis were laid already at the initial stage of the formation of tennis and further improved. Everyone who is going to learn how to play tennis should know its basic rules.
Currently for official competitions uses the rules of the game of tennis developed by the International Tennis Federation (International Tennis Federation), in the official abbreviation ITF.
RULES OF THE GAME OF GREAT TENNIS
Players (teams) are on different sides of the grid. One of them is the server and puts the ball into play, serves. The second player is the receiver. The task of the players is to direct the ball with the blows of the racket to the side of the opponent, while hitting the ball into the boundaries of the court. The player must have time to hit the ball in turn before it has touched the court more than once.
It is also possible to hit the ball without waiting for it to fall on the court - to play from the fly. The player who makes the mistake loses the rally and his opponent scores a point.
INNINGS
Each ball rally begins with such an important element of the game as the serve. The right to serve passes from one player to another at the end of the game. During the service, the player is behind the back line at the line that divides the tennis court in half along. The player must reroll tennis ball into the diagonally opposite serving area of the opponent's half. The first serve always takes place to the right of the center line. After each rally, the serving player moves to the opposite side of the center line. If the tennis ball misses the service area (goes over the service area line or into the net), then the serving player has the right to make a second serve.
If the second serve also misses the serving area, then a point is awarded to the opponent. It is also a violation if the serving player stepped over the back line when serving. If, when serving by a tennis player, the ball hit the serving area, but touched it when crossing the net, then such a serve is replayed.
GAME
Each game starts with a score of 0-0. If the server wins the serve, then the score in this case becomes 15-0, and if the rally is lost, then 0-15. The next serve leads to a score of 30, then 40, the next draw leads to a game win, but only if the opponent has a score of 30 or less. If both players have a score of 40, then winning the next point gives the player an advantage. The player with the advantage who wins the next ball wins the game.
The player who wins six games is considered to have won the set. If the score in the set is 6-5, then 1 more game is played. If the score becomes 7-5, then the set ends. If, after playing one game with a score of 6-5, the score becomes 6-6, then in this case a tie-break is played.
MATCH
Matches are 3-set and 5-set. In a 3-set, the winner is a tennis player who wins 2 sets, and in a 5-set, 3 sets.
TIE BREAK
The serving player performs the first serve, after which the right to serve passes to the opponent and the change takes place after two serves. The winner is the tennis player who first scored 7 points with a difference of 2 points. The tie-break will last as long as you like, until the difference in points reaches two. The last set of the game is played without a tie-break.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
- the line is part of the field;
- any ball, except for the serve, that falls on the opponent's side and touches the net is counted;
- the serve must be rebounded after the ball bounces, while during the game the tennis ball can be rebounded before it touches the surface of the tennis court;
- if the tennis player did not have time to hit the ball after the first bounce and the ball hit the court twice, then the rally is considered lost;
- the ball is not counted if it touches the body of a tennis player, or is rebounded before the ball crosses the net line, or if the tennis player touches tennis net or net racket with a racket, arm, or any other part of the body.
JUDGE
IN official matches there is always a judge who better view Korta sits on a raised platform, which is why he is called the referee on the tower. The referee has the absolute right to make decisions, and it is considered bad form in tennis to challenge them. The umpire may be assisted by line judges who determine if the ball has landed within the court.
From the 2006 season to WTA tournaments and ATP, electronic refereeing systems (Hawk's Eye) have been officially adopted. Such systems make it possible to determine the point of impact of the ball with high accuracy and thereby reduce the number of referee errors and disputes.
FROM THE HISTORY OF TENNIS:
“One of the main differences between the rules of tennis and the rules in other sports is the announcement of the score. The score "15, 30, 40" comes from the fact that earlier the score was held relative to rates and time. Then the score was 15, 30, 45 and 60. Then the score of 45 was changed to 40 for a better consonance, and the score of 60 was just winning the game. We can say that the game is taken by the athlete who won his serve with a score of 40:30 in his favor, subject to taking the next point.
TENNIS COURT
Tennis court - a rectangular area with a flat surface and applied markings. In the middle of the court, a net is stretched, which runs along the entire width, parallel to the back lines, and divides the court into two equal halves. The court is 26 yards (23.77 m) long and 9 yards (8.23 m) wide (for singles) or 12 yards (10.97 m) for doubles. The lines along the short sides of the court are called the backlines, along the long sides the sidelines.
Outside the markup - additional space for players to move. Service zones are also marked on the court with service lines parallel to the back lines and the net, located 7 yards (6.40 m) from the net and drawn only between the side lines for singles, and a center service line drawn parallel to the middle of the court sidelines and between service lines.
The center service line is also displayed on the net by a vertical white stripe stretched from the surface of the court to the top of the net. A short mark is applied to the back lines, indicating their middle. All lines drawn on the court are part of the court.
Exist different kinds tennis court surfaces: grass, clay, hard or synthetic carpet ( artificial grass, acrylic coatings). The type of surface affects the bounce of the ball and the dynamics of the movement of players, so the strategies for playing on courts with different surfaces can vary dramatically. At the same time, there is no one preferred surface, and even the most prestigious professional tournaments are held on different types of courts.
The standard size of a tennis net is 1.07 m x 12.8 m, and has square cells with a side of 40 mm. Mounts can be classic screw or metal.
TENNIS RACQUET
The player is used to hit the ball. tennis racquet, which consists of a handle and a rounded rim with stretched strings. The string surface is used for hitting the ball. Rims for racquets were originally made of wood, but nowadays they are made of complex composites consisting of ceramics, carbon fiber and metals. Strings for tennis rackets are artificial (nylon, polyester, kevlar) and natural (made from bull sinew). Previously, natural strings were considered to have the best playing characteristics, but modern artificial strings have caught up in performance with natural ones. In addition, natural strings are more expensive, susceptible to moisture, less durable, and require delicate care.
The strings are stretched on special machines, sometimes by hand. The tension force of horizontal and vertical strings is usually different, and horizontal strings are pulled with a force of 2 kg less. The standard tension on the new rackets is 26 to 24 kg. The tighter the string tension, the easier it is to control the ball on impact, but the force of impact is less. The weaker the stretch, the easier it is to disperse the ball, but the control is worse. Thin strings tend to be taut with less force, their use improves ball control, but they are less durable. In many ways, the quality of a string depends on its structure.
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) in the tennis rules regulated the requirements for rackets. The length of the racket (in the direction of increase), the size of the head (in the direction of increase), the uniformity of the arrangement of the strings, the presence of devices on the racket (including mechanical and electronic) are limited. The length of the racket must not exceed 29 inches (73.66 cm), while the nominal size for adults is 27 inches (68.58 cm), for boys and children the following rows are recommended: 26, 24, 21, 19 inches. The width of the racket must not exceed 12.5 inches (31.75 cm), and the size of the string surface of the racket (SBR), that is, the inside dimension (to the rim) - 11.5 inches (29.21 cm) in width and 15.5 inches (39.37 cm) long. Typically, racket manufacturers do not give the linear dimensions of racket heads, they certify the racket string surface area (SPR).
The tennis racket is selected individually for each player, and the most comfortable grip of the racket for each stroke is also individually chosen by the tennis player.
The game is played with a hollow rubber ball. Outside, the ball is covered with fluffy felt to give certain aerodynamic properties. Balls used in major competitions must meet the established criteria, which include size 65.41-68.58 mm, weight 56.0-59.4 grams, level of deformation, as well as color.
The yellow and white colors are approved by the US Tennis Association and the ITF. Fluorescent yellow, also known as optical yellow, was introduced in 1972 as the most visible color for television, although other bright colors can be seen in amateur sports.
A closed line of a characteristic shape is drawn on the surface of the ball. Balls with a pressure of about two atmospheres are most common, but there are balls without internal pressure, made of harder rubber to provide rebound.
Sometimes during the game there may be errors in relation to the rules. In this case, it should be noted that all points played up to this point are counted. In this case, the detected errors must be corrected as follows:
1) If a tennis player serves from an incorrect position during a point, then this error must be corrected. Already in the next rally, the server must serve from the starting position corresponding to the score. If an error was made on the first serve before the discovery of the wrong position, then it counts;
2) If it turns out that the players are occupying the wrong sides of the court, it is necessary to immediately change sides and take positions in accordance with the current score;
3) When the order of serving is violated and it turns out that any of the players serves out of turn, then according to the rules of tennis, the opponent must immediately begin to serve. If the error is revealed after the end of the game, then the order will remain in a modified form;
4) Similarly, an error in case of violation of the order of service in a tie-break must be corrected. If an error is discovered after an even number of points has been played, then it must be corrected immediately, and if an error is discovered after an odd number of points, then the changed service order must be continued;
5) If the rules predetermine a set without a tie-break, but with a score of 6:6 a tie-break is erroneously started, then if only one point was played before the error was discovered, the error must be immediately corrected. If two or more points are played, then it is necessary to continue the tie-break.
Tennis (tennis)- a sport in which two players or two teams of two people compete with each other. The goal of each of the players / teams is to throw the ball to the opponent's side with a racket in such a way that the opponent cannot reflect it. In this case, the ball must touch the opponent's half of the field at least once.
The history of the emergence and development of tennis
The predecessor of tennis is considered to be the French game "jeu de paume" (French jeu de paume, literally playing with the palm of the hand). Unlike modern tennis, jeu de paume was played indoors and with the palm of the hand. Later, the palm was replaced by gloves, gloves were replaced by special bits, and only then did rackets appear.
One of the most famous references to tennis in medieval literature is the episode in Shakespeare's historical chronicle "Henry V", where the French dauphin sends a keg of tennis balls to the young English king in mockery.
Almost all French kings played tennis, Charles IX called tennis "one of the most noble, worthy and healthy exercises that princes, peers and other noble persons can do."
In 1900, students at Harvard University decided to organize a tournament for national teams. One of the students, Dwayne Davis, bought a silver cup for the winner at his own expense, and most importantly, drew up the rules for the tournament. Davis and two of his friends played for the US team, which won this tournament, and then the next in 1902. The Cup was held every year and was subsequently called the "Davis Cup", which is still a popular event in the world of tennis.
Beginning in the 1920s, professional tennis players began to earn money playing exhibition matches. The first professional tennis match in history took place on October 9, 1926 in New York at the Madison Square Garden indoor arena, in the presence of 13,000 spectators.
Tennis Rules
Players or teams must be on opposite sides of the net. One of the players is the server, the second, respectively, the receiver. The serving player must send the ball in such a way that it hits the court area in the opponent's half. The receiving player must have time to redirect (beat) the ball to the opponent's side before it hits the court or before it touches the court a second time. If one of the tennis players missed the ball, then his opponent gets a point.
A tennis match consists of “sets”, and these in turn are “games”, for which you need to score goals (minimum 4 goals: 15-30-40-game, but with a difference of at least two goals). When serving, the player has two attempts in which he alternately serves the ball into the left and right squares. After the game is played, the serve goes to the opponent. After playing an odd number of games, the players are given a one-minute break and the side is changed. The player who wins 6 games first (provided that his opponent won no more than 4 games) is considered to have won the set. To win a match, you must win 2 out of 3 or 3 out of 5 sets. The one who gets the required number of won sets wins the match.
The rules for doubles in tennis are slightly different from singles, namely:
- the match takes place on a larger court;
- the ball is beaten off by the one who is in the best position;
- players of each team serve in turn;
- Players accept serves only from their side throughout the entire set.
At official matches there is a referee, he is on the tower. In addition to the referee on the tower in the match, there may be referees on the line who record the ball hitting the court area. Since 2006, tennis has been in the era of electronic refereeing systems (Eye of the hawk), which determine the place where the ball falls with high accuracy.
Tennis court
The standard size of a tennis court is 23.77 meters long and 8.23 meters wide (10.97 meters for doubles). The area of the tennis court is about 196 m2. For the arrangement of tennis courts intended for competitions, an area equal to 668 m2 is required. The court has a rectangular shape with a flat surface with markings applied to it:
- The lines along the short sides of the court are called the back lines, and those along the long sides are called the lineouts.
- Service zones are marked on the court with service lines parallel to the back lines and the net, 6.40 m from the net and drawn only between the side lines for singles, and a center service line drawn in the middle of the court parallel to the side lines and between the service lines . The center service line is also displayed on the net by a vertical white stripe stretched from the surface of the court to the top of the net.
- A short mark is applied to the back lines, indicating their middle.
In the middle of the court, a net is stretched, which runs along the entire width and divides it into two equal parts. The standard tennis net size is 1.07 meters by 12.8 meters, and has square cells with a side of 4 centimeters.
Types of coatings for tennis courts:
- herbal (grass),
- ground (clay),
- solid (hard),
- synthetic carpets (artificial grass, acrylic coatings).
There are other types of tennis court surfaces, such as asphalt, wood or rubber surfaces, but they are not used in official matches. Tennis courts are open and covered.
Tennis equipment
Tennis equipment: tennis racket and ball. The racket consists of a handle and a rounded rim with stretched strings. Racket rim is made of complex composite materials (ceramics, carbon fiber, metal). Tennis racket strings can be either natural or synthetic. Previously it was believed that natural strings had better characteristics, but today artificial strings have caught up with natural strings in terms of characteristics. Interestingly, the tension force of horizontal and vertical strings is usually different. Typically, a tennis racket is selected individually for each player.
There are special requirements for rackets from the International Tennis Federation (ITF):
- The length of the racket must not exceed 73.66 cm.
- The width of the racket must not exceed 31.75 cm.
- The size of the stringed surface of the racket, that is, the internal dimension (to the rim) is 29.21 cm wide and 39.37 cm long.
The game is played with a yellow-white rubber ball. Outside, the ball is covered with fluffy felt to give certain aerodynamic properties.
tennis tournaments
- In modern tennis, the most major competitions 4 Grand Slam tournaments are considered:
- Australian Open - open championship australia
- Rolland Garos - French Open
- Wimbledon Championships - the most prestigious Grand Slam championship, takes place on the outskirts of London - Wimbledon
- US Open is the US Open.
- The Davis Cup is the unofficial tennis world championship.
- The Kremlin Cup is the largest championship in Russia.
