Sign of the TRP 1 stage. 1930s.
Passing the standards was confirmed by special badges. To get such a badge, it was necessary to fulfill a given set of requirements, for example: run a hundred meters at speed, do push-ups a certain number of times, jump from a tower into the water or throw a grenade.
Depending on the level of achievement, those who passed the standards of each stage were awarded a gold or silver “TRP” badge, those who fulfilled the standards for a number of years were awarded the “Honorary TRP badge”. Physical education teams of enterprises, institutions, organizations that have achieved particular success in implementing the GTO complex in everyday life workers, were awarded the badge "For success in work on the TRP complex."
TRP badges (the first versions) were made of copper or brass, and covered with hot enamels (cloisonne), later mass production of aluminum badges coated with liquid (cold) enamels began. The fastening for the TRP badges was a screw or a safety pin.
After the victory of the Great October Revolution, the country strengthened, gained political power, and the enthusiasm of the Soviet people, their craving for the new began to manifest itself in all spheres of life - in work, culture, science, and sports.
In the post-revolutionary period, the Soviet Union, at the very dawn of its development, found itself surrounded by ideologically alien states, which was aggravated by the civil war that was going on inside. To resist these phenomena, strong military men were needed, and the basis of discipline, order and good physical training mass sport was unconditionally recognized.
The development of physical culture and the training of the population in military skills are becoming priority tasks in the USSR, the implementation of which is controlled by the first persons of the state. In the very first year of Soviet power, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR adopted a decree "On compulsory training in the art of war." Starting from April 1918, men and women from 18 to 40 years of age are required to study military affairs at their place of work.
For these purposes, in 1920, at the Academy of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) in Moscow, and then in other military educational institutions, a military scientific society (VNO) and its branches were created. The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs M. Frunze is elected Chairman of the VNO. In 1923 and 1924, the Society of Friends of the Air Fleet (ODVF) and the Society of Friends of Chemical Defense and Chemical Industry (DOBROKHIM) were organized.
All these organizations faced, in fact, one task, formulated by M. Frunze at the first All-Union Conference of the VNO in May 1925: the whole country as a whole, that the war will require the exertion of all the people's forces and means, that the war will be deadly, a war not for life, but for death, and that, therefore, it needs a comprehensive careful preparation even in peacetime.
1927-1928The birth of the TRP complex "under the wing" of OSOAVIAKHIM
In 1927, through the merger and reorganization of several military sports associations in the USSR, the largest of the specialized public organizations- Society for the Promotion of Defense, Aviation and Chemical Construction (OSOAVIAKHIM).
By the beginning of 1928, this organization numbered about 2 million people. All over the country, under the auspices of OSOAVIAKHIM, shooting ranges, shooting ranges are being built, flying clubs and military sports clubs are being created, where young people master the specialties of a radio operator, telegraph operator, parachutist, minder, orderly, nurse, pilot, etc.
1929-1938The first TRP complex and its further development
Leading role in the development of new forms and methods physical education Komsomol played. It was he who initiated the creation of the All-Union Sports Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense".
On May 24, 1930, the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper published an appeal in which it was proposed to establish all-Union tests for the right to receive the Ready for Labor and Defense badge. It was about the need to introduce a single criterion for assessing physical fitness youth. It was proposed to establish special norms and requirements, and those who fulfilled them were to be awarded with a badge. The new initiative of the Komsomol was recognized by the general public, and on behalf of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture under the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, a draft of the TRP complex was developed, which on March 11, 1931, after public discussion, was approved and became the normative basis of the physical education system for the whole country.
The purpose of the introduced complex is "further increase in the level of physical education and mobilization readiness of the Soviet people, especially the younger generation ...". The main content of the TRP complex was focused on the quality physical training of hundreds of millions of Soviet people.
Since 1931, OSOAVIAKHIM activists have been carrying out extensive propaganda activities, conducting classes on air defense and chemical defense at plants and factories, in public institutions and educational institutions. All students are required to attend compulsory classes. general education schools, vocational, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, personnel Armed Forces USSR, police and some other organizations.
In addition to compulsory classes, citizens show an independent initiative to engage in physical education and sports in their free time from work and study, attend training sessions and participate in sports competitions.
Tests for the "Ready for Labor and Defense" badge were originally allowed for men at least 18 years old and women at least 17 years old. A special condition was a satisfactory state of health. It was determined by a doctor who determined that the implementation of the norms for this complex would not harm human health. Athletes organized in teams and single athletes were allowed to compete. For practical tests, they were divided into separate groups by sex and age.
The first TRP complex consisted of only one stage and involved the performance of 21 tests, 15 of which were of a practical nature:
- running 100, 500 and 1000 meters;
- long jump and high jump;
- throwing grenades;
- pull-ups on the crossbar;
- rope or pole climbing;
- lifting a cartridge box weighing 32 kilograms and non-stop movement with it at a distance of 50 meters;
- swimming;
- the ability to ride a bicycle or the ability to drive a tractor, motorcycle, car;
- ability to row 1 km;
- skiing for 3 and 10 km;
- riding and advancing in a gas mask for 1 km.
Theoretical tests were carried out on military knowledge and knowledge of the history of physical culture achievements, the basics of physical culture self-control, first aid. Tests were carried out at all levels - in cities, villages and villages, at enterprises and organizations. The results were recorded in the athlete's ticket.
High ideological and political orientation of the TRP complex, general accessibility exercise included in its standards, their obvious benefits for promoting health and developing the skills and abilities necessary in everyday life have made the TRP complex popular among the population and especially among young people. The norms of the TRP were carried out in schools, collective farm brigades, workers of factories, plants, railways, etc. Already in 1931, 24,000 Soviet citizens received TRP badges.
Those who successfully completed the tests and were awarded the TRP badge had a privilege for admission to a special educational institution for physical education and a preferential right to participate in sports competitions and sports holidays of the republican, all-Union and international scale.
Large-scale competitions for the title of Champions of the TRP complex for its individual types were not inferior in popularity to the Spartakiads and central football matches season. Wearing the TRP badge has become prestigious.
TRP badges (the first versions) were made of copper or brass, and covered with hot enamels (cloisonne), later mass production of aluminum badges coated with liquid (cold) enamels began. The fastening for the TRP badges was a screw or a safety pin.
TRP badges 1931-1936 (I and II stage)
The badge was designed by a 15-year-old schoolboy V.Toktarov, and the final sketch was developed by the artist M.S. Yaguzhinsky.
The first owner of the TRP level I mark was the famous skater Yakov Fedorovich Melnikov, the first Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, champion of Russia in 1915, champion of the RSFSR in 1918, 1919 and 1922; champion of the USSR 1924, 1927-28, 1932-35; 1927 European champion in speed skating.
Over time, it became necessary to establish increased requirements for the physical training of young people, who, on an increasingly large scale, began to successfully complete tests for the TRP badge. In 1932, the All-Union Council of Physical Culture approved and put into operation the complex "Ready for Labor and Defense" II stage.
The TRP complex of the II stage has already included 25 tests - 3 theoretical and 22 practical. For women total tests amounted to 21. In the updated complex II, sports tests are more widely represented:
- ski jumping (for men);
- fencing;
- diving;
- overcoming the military camp.
Performing tests of the TRP Complex of the II stage was a more difficult task and it turned out to be possible only with systematic training. In 1932, 465 thousand athletes received TRP badges, and in 1933 - 835 thousand athletes.
The first in the country and in the Armed Forces who fulfilled all 25 norms and requirements of the TRP of the 2nd stage were ten commanders - students of the Red Banner Order of Lenin Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze, A. Maslov, V.N.
Each of them received a nominal gold watch from the People's Commissariat of Defense with the inscription "To the best athlete of the Soviet Union from K.E. Voroshilov."
Among the awarded were employees of the Central House of the Red Army. One of them - Alexei Petrovich Kuvshinnikov - a surprisingly versatile athlete who went in for swimming, athletics, cross-country skiing, gymnastics, tennis and sixteen other sports. Without much difficulty, he was one of the first in the country to fulfill all the TRP standards of increased difficulty and received the II stage badge at number 18. Kuvshinnikov gave about 20 years of his service army sports, was the head coach of the Armed Forces of the USSR in volleyball and basketball.
The first women to receive TRP badges of the II stage were students of the Air Force Academy.
In 1933, the Central Committee of the Komsomol proposed to introduce a set of tests for the physical training of children, as initial stage their physical development. The children's stage of the complex, called "Be Ready for Labor and Defense" (BGTO), began working in 1934. It includes 16 norms of a sports and technical nature:
- running for short and long distances;
- long jump and high jump;
- grenade throwing, skiing for 3-5 kilometers for boys and 2-3 kilometers for girls, walking in a gas mask;
- gymnastic exercises;
- climbing;
- pull-up;
- balance exercises;
- lifting and carrying weights.
A few years after its introduction, the TRP complex gained such popularity that already in 1934 there were about 5 million athletes in the country, half of whom proudly wore the TRP badge on their chests.
The TRP badge acquired such a high significance that at the Moscow physical culture parade of 1934 it became a “pass” to the column for participation.
Badge BGTO sample 1934
The ideas and principles of the TRP have received their further development in the Unified Sports Classification (EVSK), created in 1935 - 1937.
This led to the introduction of rank standards, sports titles. The classification made it possible to establish uniform principles for determining sports training throughout the USSR. The TRP physical culture complex was organically connected with the Unified All-Union sports classification, which determines the sequence of skill growth, the level of preparedness of athletes and the development of their achievements from mass sports categories to the highest classification categories. Sports categories and titles were assigned subject to the athletes fulfilling the norms and requirements of the TRP physical culture complex in 10 sports:
- athletics;
- gymnastics;
- weightlifting;
- boxing
- wrestling;
- swimming;
- tennis
- fencing;
- speed skating;
- shooting sports.
The attractive force of the GTO complex opened the way to sports for millions of Soviet girls and boys. With the implementation of the standards of the TRP complex, famous Soviet athletes, winners of the largest international competitions. Since 1938, All-Union competitions began to be held in various TRP all-around programs: the championships of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (1938 - 1939, 1949 - 1951), the championships of the USSR and the championships of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (1974 - 1982), the championships of the USSR (1989 - 1991).
The main changes of the All-Union physical culture complex "Ready for labor and defense of the USSR" (TRP)
During the existence of the complex, its normative part was changed more than once. The biggest changes were made in 1940, 1947, 1955, 1965 and 1972.
By the end of the 30s, when the TRP complex was at the peak of its popularity, the question arose of improving its content. The standards were carefully discussed by scientific and practical workers of physical education, which led in 1939 to the development of new norms for the TRP complex, which were approved on November 26, 1939 by a special resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the introduction of a new sports complex "Ready for labor and defense of the USSR".
The new TRP complex, which came into effect on January 1, 1940, contained not only mandatory norms, but also elective tests, which, according to the developers, ensured a combination of general physical training with sports specialization. Inclusion in the complex mandatory norms provided mastering the skills of running, swimming, skiing, shooting and overcoming obstacles. In addition, each participant in the TRP complex had to perform exercises from various kinds sports that contributed to the improvement of strength, speed, agility and endurance.
Compared to the previous complex, the number of standards has been significantly reduced.
The BGTO and TRP complexes of the II stage included two stages for “performed” and “excellent”. It was established that the norms were re-fulfilled for TRP badges of the II stage when moving to the next age group, and the norms for choosing to receive such a badge with honors were equated to the norms of the third category of the All-Union Sports Classification.
Life has shown that the structure of the TRP complex of 1939 was undoubtedly progressive and relevant for that time.
1941-1945TRP complex and the Great Patriotic War
Before the Great Patriotic War, up to 80% of the military personnel of the ground forces and navy and up to 100% of aviation were trained at OSOAVIAKHIM. In 1938, in one of his letters, Stalin wrote: “... It is necessary to keep all of our people in a state of mobilization readiness in the face of the danger of a military attack, so that no “accident” and no tricks of our external enemies could take us by surprise ... ".
The patriotic determination and practical content of the TRP complex were severely tested in the fire of the Great Patriotic War.
When all physical culture organizations of the country faced the task of mass military-physical training of the population, the TRP complex became one of the most important tools.
Thanks to the GTO, millions of Soviet people received the skills of marching, skiing, shooting training, swimming, throwing grenades, overcoming water barriers and obstacles. This helped them to master military affairs in the shortest possible time, to become snipers, scouts, tankers, and pilots. The modest TRP badge for many of them was the first award, which was later supplemented with orders for labor and military merit.
The TRP badges, who had mastered military-applied motor skills, voluntarily went to the front, successfully operated in partisan detachments.
Heroes of the Great Patriotic War, pilots Ivan Kozhedub, Alexander Pokryshkin, Nikolai Gastello, the famous sniper Vladimir Pchelintsev, were the owners of the TRP II stage badges.
1946-1991TRP complex in the post-war period
In the post-war period, when the country was recovering from the upheavals, the TRP complex continued to be modernized in accordance with the tasks facing the physical culture movement of that time. The TRP complex introduced in 1946 was characterized by a reduction in the number of standards (BGTO - up to 7, TRP I and II levels - up to 9), the relationship between these standards and physical education programs of schools and educational institutions was established, age groups were clarified and changed.
When the country began to actively restore the economy, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in December 1948, in its resolution, put forward a new task for the country's physical culture organizations: further development of the physical culture movement, increasing the level of skills of athletes and winning world championships by them, achieving records in major sports .
The decision of the party caused an unprecedented upsurge in the work of the country's sports organizations. At factories and factories, mines and mines, at collective farms and state farms, at schools and other educational institutions, new teams of physical culture were created, and the existing classifications of Soviet athletes were organizationally strengthened. Exclusively great importance given questions further improvement methods of teaching and training in sports, comprehensive physical training, as the most important basis for improving health, improving the quality of physical education of young people and the successful growth of sportsmanship to the level of high achievements.
Naturally, all this required further improvement of the TRP complex. In the TRP complex, introduced on January 1, 1955, the division of standards into mandatory and optional was again excluded. To obtain the badge of the BGTO stage, it was required to fulfill all 10 standards, the TRP badge of the 1st stage - 12 norms and the TRP badge of the 2nd stage - 11
In the 1955 complex, new age groups were established, as well as differentiated regulatory requirements for different ages of athletes.
By 1958, the number of athletes in our country reached 23,696,800 people. At the same time, during the operation of the complex 1955-1958. the annual training amounted to a little more than 3 million TRP badges of all levels, and over 4 years of this period, about 16 million TRP badges were trained.
In 1959, the most significant changes were made to the TRP complex. The project of the complex was published in August 1958 for wide discussion and received universal support. The requirements for an organic combination of the physical education program in schools and educational institutions, as well as a system for scoring points for the results shown, have been introduced. The updated TRP Complex consisted of three stages. BGTO stage - for schoolchildren 14-15 years old, TRP 1st stage - for boys and girls 16-18 years old, TRP 2nd stage - for young people 19 years old and older.
In the Armed Forces of the USSR in 1965, a special stage of the TRP complex was introduced - the "Military Sports Complex" (VSK).
In 1966, on the initiative of DOSAAF, a stage of the TRP complex for young people of military age "Ready to defend the Motherland" (GZR) was developed and put into operation. It was designed for young men of pre-conscription age and included the fulfillment of a number of requirements for sports and technical sports and the mastery of one of the military applied specialties (mechanic, driver, motorcyclist, radio operator).
These two special stages of the TRP complex were of great importance in improving the general and special physical training of young people of military age and military personnel. Corresponding standards were also developed in the sphere of civil defense of the USSR. The main objective of the “Ready for Civil Defense of the USSR” and “Be Prepared for the Civil Defense of the USSR” complexes for young students introduced in 1968 was universal compulsory training in methods of protection against nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction.
Over the years, a number of provisions and regulatory requirements of the TRP complex ceased to meet the new requirements and more complex tasks that were set in the field of physical education of the country's population. In this regard, there was a need to improve the forms and methods of organizing physical culture movement.
Introduced in 1972, the new GTO complex(approved by a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on January 17, 1972, No. 61) made it possible to improve mass physical culture and sports work in each team, in sports club and in the whole country, to solve a number of critical issues associated with improving the health of Soviet citizens. The age range of the complex has expanded: steps have been added for schoolchildren aged 10-13 and workers aged 40-60. Now the complex had V age levels and covered the population aged 10 to 60 years. Each stage of the TRP complex of 1972 consisted of two sections:
- learning the basics Soviet system physical education, mastering the practical skills of personal and public hygiene, the rules and techniques of protection against weapons of mass destruction, performing morning exercises;
- exercises that determine the level of development physical qualities a person - strength, endurance, speed, agility, as well as exercises that contribute to the mastery of applied motor skills - running for speed and endurance, strength exercises, jumping, ski race, swimming and others.
Each stage had the following characteristics:
- I stage- "Brave and dexterous" was introduced for schoolchildren aged 10-13 in order to form a conscious attitude towards classes in children physical education, development of basic physical qualities and vital necessary skills and skills, identifying sports interests. Stage I was divided into two age groups: boys and girls aged 10-11 and 12-13 years old. The complex consists of 7 mandatory tests and 6 optional ones.
- II stage- "Sports shift" is intended for adolescents aged 14-15, in order to increase the physical fitness of adolescents and master their applied and motor skills. The complex consisted of 9 tests.
- III stage- "Strength and Courage" are standards for boys and girls aged 16-18, in order to improve the physical fitness of young people, necessary for subsequent work and readiness for service in the Armed Forces. The complex consisted of 10 tests.
- IV stage- "Physical Perfection" is intended for men 19-39 years old women 19-34 years old, with the aim of achieving high level physical development and physical fitness for highly productive work and the fulfillment of the sacred duty to protect the Motherland. Stage IV is divided into two age groups: men 19-28 and 29-39 years old, women 19-28 and 29-34 years old. The complex consisted of 10 tests.
- V stage- "Cheerfulness and Health" is intended for men aged 40-60 and women aged 35-55, in order to maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness of workers for many years to ensure their labor activity and constant readiness to defend the Motherland.
In order to constantly stimulate the population to engage in physical culture and sports, standards for several levels of complexity have been established for each of its stages.
When fulfilling the standards of the TRP Complex, participants were awarded silver and gold badges of distinction, for the 5th stage only a gold badge was provided, and for the 4th, in addition, a gold badge with honors.
The TRP system was a powerful incentive for sports. Preparation for the fulfillment of the standards developed all muscle groups, increased endurance, coordination, the ability to calculate one's strength and potential.
In 1973, the All-Union Council for the work of the most massive involvement of citizens in the implementation of the TRP complex was created under the USSR Sports Committee. Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov was appointed Chairman of the Council.
To control the implementation of the new complex, the All-Union Inspectorate for the TRP complex was created. This is a public body that timely warns sports and other organizations about the noticed shortcomings in the work, increases the responsibility of each sports worker for the assigned work.
The All-Union TRP Inspectorate, in turn, set in motion the work of republican, regional, regional, city, district inspections. TRP inspection groups at enterprises, collective farms, state farms, institutions and educational institutions were created in 1975.
The composition of inspections and inspection groups included honorary veterans of the physical culture movement, activists of the TRP complex, top athletes, representatives of party, Soviet, trade union and Komsomol organizations, departments of public education, health care, military commissariats, people's control committees, sports committees and DSO, DOSAAF organizations.
Inspections and inspection groups carried out random checks not only on the acceptance of tests, but also on the TRP badges themselves, controlled the quality of training of public instructors, the organization of training, the construction and equipment of TRP camps, the use of sports facilities, the state of visual agitation and propaganda.
By the beginning of 1976, over 220 million people had TRP badges.
At the beginning of 1977, orienteering standards were added to all five levels.
For the constant popularization of the TRP complex, sports organizations, trade unions, Komsomol, DOSAAF, ministries and departments, heads of enterprises, institutions, collective farms, state farms, and educational institutions were systematically involved in the work.
The standards of the TRP complex became a tool thanks to which every citizen could check the level of his physical development.
From 1974 to 1981, the All-Union TRP All-Around Championships were held (in 1975, for example, 37 million people participated in mass starts, and about 500 people participated in the final; winners of the IV stage were awarded the title of Master of Sports of the USSR). Over the seven years of the TRP all-around, more than 350,000 boys and girls became champions of districts, cities, regions, republics, 77 people won the honorary title of the USSR champion in the TRP all-around, 100 people became the first masters of sports of the USSR in the TRP all-around in the history of the Soviet physical culture movement.
One of these championships was the USSR all-around championship of the TRP complex for the prizes of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper. The competition program included such sports as running 100 meters, throwing grenades, shooting, swimming 100 meters, track and field cross.
Until the mid-80s, the management of the work on the TRP Complex and all-around events, military-sports all-around events was carried out by party-state and trade union bodies, the USSR Ministry of Defense and the DOSAAF Central Committee. Sports committees of all levels, physical education teams and educational institutions carried out the decisions of state and party bodies and actively participated in the comprehensive physical training of the population. From 1983 to 1988, the USSR Championships were not held by decision of the USSR State Sports Committee. In 1986, for the first time in the USSR, the “GTO Complex and All-Around Federation” was created in Leningrad, in July 1989 the All-Union TRP All-Around Association was created (Galaktionova G.N. was elected chairman, Krivo V.M. was elected executive secretary), and in September 1989 - All-Russian Federation of the TRP Complex and All-Around (President - Galaktionov G.N.).
The “GTO Excellent Worker” badge was awarded to those who fulfilled the standards for the gold badge of the IV stage of the 1972 complex “Physical Perfection” and had one 1st or two 2nd sports category in any sport.
The "Honorary Badge of the TRP" was awarded to those who fulfilled the standards for several years in a row.
Physical education teams of enterprises, institutions, organizations that have achieved particular success in introducing the GTO complex into the daily life of workers were awarded the badge “For success in the work on the GTO complex”.
In 1981, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the TRP complex, the Committee for Physical Culture and Sports under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League issued a special award badge.
At the beginning of 1985, another package with changes was introduced into the TRP Complex. Now the complex for adults consisted of 3 steps, and for schoolchildren - from 4.
The collapse of the Soviet Union brought with it a wider gap in the work on the education of the physical activity of citizens. Legally, the TRP Complex was not abolished, but in fact it ceased to exist in 1991.
2007-2014The revival of the GTO Complex in modern Russia
2007 can be safely called the year of sports, when Russia gets the right to the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, our football players made it to the European championship, basketball players became the best team The Old World, tennis players won the Federation Cup, handball players won the title of the strongest in the world, and, finally, President Vladimir Putin signed a new law on sports.
On the wave of inspiration sports victories, in accordance with new trends, discussions about the revival of the TRP complex were again raised by the sports community.
In 2013, the country's leadership and regional leaders took the initiative to revive the TRP complex in Russia in a modern format. After the end of the winter Olympic Games in Sochi, the organizers managed to save 1.5 billion rubles, said Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
“I propose to use these funds for the development of mass sports, including, for example, the implementation of the TRP complex in the subjects of the federation, the events of the “Sport for All” movement and the support of accessible sports clubs that are within walking distance,” the head of state suggested.
The All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex (hereinafter referred to as the Complex) was developed in pursuance of subparagraph "a" of paragraph 1 of the list of instructions of the President Russian Federation dated April 4, 2013 No. Pr-756, as well as the order of the Ministry of Sports of Russia dated May 6, 2013 No. 245 "On the development of the project of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex", which approved the composition of the working group. It included leading experts and scientists who participated in 2004-2013. in the development and testing of the implementation of the complex in the regions of the Russian Federation, representatives of universities, research centers subordinate to the Ministry of Sports of Russia and the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.
89 enterprises and universities of the country were identified, in which a "pilot" project of mass sports events on the implementation of the norms of the sports complex DOSAAF of Russia "Ready for work and defense".
The drafts of the concept and content of the Complex were developed and subsequently agreed with the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of physical culture and sports, and also considered in federal executive authorities and non-governmental organizations.
The package of documents was approved at a joint meeting of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Development of Physical Culture, Mass Sports and Traditional Types of Physical Activity of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports and the board of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation on June 26, 2013 and finalized taking into account the comments received.
In connection with sending the documents of the Complex to the Government of the Russian Federation, until 08/01/2013, substantiated proposals for the draft Concept and Regulations are accepted from the federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation, the highest executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, all-Russian federations for sports, all-Russian public and state organizations and physical culture and sports societies.
The result of painstaking preparation was the publication of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 24, 2014 No. 172 “On the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex“ Ready for Labor and Defense ”(TRP)”, which decreed the commissioning of the complex from September 1, 2014.
So, today the TRP complex is being revived, transformed into new form and new conditions. The implementation of the complex pursues the following goals and objectives:
- increasing the efficiency of using the possibilities of physical culture and sports in promoting health, harmonious and comprehensive development of the individual, raising patriotism and ensuring continuity in the implementation of physical education of the population;
- increase in the number of citizens systematically engaged in physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation;
- increasing the level of physical fitness and life expectancy of citizens of the Russian Federation;
- formation among the population of conscious needs for systematic physical education and sports, physical self-improvement and maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
- increasing the general level of knowledge of the population about the means, methods and forms of organizing self-study, including using modern information technologies;
- modernization of the system of physical education and the system of development of mass, youth, school and student sports in educational organizations, including by increasing the number of sports clubs.
The All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex provides for preparation for and direct implementation by various age groups (from 6 to 70 years and older) of the population of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as age groups) of the established standards of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex for 3 levels of difficulty corresponding to gold, silver and bronze insignia of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex and is based on the following principles:
- voluntariness and availability;
- health and personality-oriented orientation;
- obligatory medical control;
- taking into account regional characteristics and national traditions
The All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Complex consists of the following main sections:
- types of tests (tests) that allow determining the level of development of physical qualities and applied motor skills and abilities (divided into mandatory tests (tests) and tests of choice) and standards that allow assessing the versatility (harmony) of the development of basic physical qualities and applied motor skills and skills in accordance with the sex and age characteristics of human development
- requirements for assessing the level of knowledge and skills in the field of physical culture and sports;
- recommendations for a weekly motor regime (provide for the minimum amount of various types of motor activity necessary for self-preparation for the implementation of types of tests (tests) and standards, the development of physical qualities, the preservation and promotion of health).
2015Why perform the TRP in the 21st century?
The answer to this question is for everyone young man may be yours. Someone wants to compare themselves with older family members who have the Soviet TRP sign. Someone wants to try to achieve a specific result and test their willpower and perseverance. And someone is just used to being the first in studies and sports. All people are different. However, everyone who voluntarily decided to pass the test with the TRP complex has one thing in common - purposefulness. It is this trait that is most important for people in the 21st century. Only motivated and physically fit people will be able to succeed in a competitive labor market.
The organizers of the TRP project consider the revival of the TRP complex in educational institutions to be of fundamental importance for the formation of purposefulness and self-confidence among the younger generation.
The return of the TRP to Russia is demanded by time and social factors. It was received positively by the majority of Russians. The health of the people is priceless, and its foundation is laid, among other things, by similar national events of a regular nature. The mechanism of the basis of the system of physical education developed over decades is viable, and one can hope that its implementation will soon initiate progress in the development of Russian sports.
Those who studied at school before the collapse of the Soviet Union remember three cherished letters - GTO, or “Ready for Labor and Defense” - a program of physical and cultural training, which was based on a unified and state-supported system of patriotic education of the population. At one time, this wonderful program had its success and popularity, but later it disappeared, was eradicated, went to the dustbin of history as a relic of the past, but those who caught it remember how important and useful it was. Thanks to this program, the country has its own champions and winners, the program educated and influenced healthy lifestyle the life of every person. The TRP program allowed people to develop skills that can be applied not only in sports, but also in real conditions.
Video about the TRP in the USSR:
What is GTO? - Today, among the readers of this article, probably the majority did not find the norms of the TRP. Therefore, the article should begin with the decoding of this term. GTO is a physical training program that existed not only in general education, but also in sports, specialized, professional organizations of the Soviet Union. The TRP program was supported and funded by the state, because it was part of the system of patriotic education. The TRP existed for exactly 60 years, having managed to become a part of the lives of several generations of our compatriots. Today, after 23 years of oblivion, the TRP is returning to schools, to higher educational establishments, into the life of every citizen, occupying an important position as an indicator of the student's progress.
History of the TRP in the USSR
The TRP appeared in the thirties of the last century, but the prerequisites for its occurrence appeared much earlier, at a time when the young Soviet state simply desperately needed new, combat-ready personnel. In the post-revolutionary period, our country faced two problems. First, the Soviet Union, at the very dawn of its development, found itself surrounded on all sides by ideologically alien states. The second - the civil war was going on within the country itself. It should also be noted that even after the end of the civil war, neither the first nor the second problem was solved. To resist opponents both outside and inside the country, strong military forces were needed. And the basis of discipline, order and good physical fitness is sport. A year after the revolution, the Central Committee issued a decree that provided for compulsory training in military affairs. This decree became the basis for the development of a number of sports organizations. For the TRP, it also became a prerequisite, and the creation of this complex was just a matter of time. The GTO's paramilitary bias, emphasis on military sports (such as tactical skiing, obstacle courses with barbed wire fences, grenade throwing, and shooting) is also driven by military affinity.
The beginning of the program and its metamorphoses
The beginning of the program "Ready for Labor and Defense" is considered to be the adoption in 1931 of the TRP program, which consisted of two parts. The first part was called "Be Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR", and was aimed at high school students. There were 4 age levels. The second part - "TRP" was focused not only on schoolchildren over 16 years old, but also on the general population, it covered three levels. With the development of the TRP, the standards of the program also changed, so, three years after the creation of the TRP, the BGTO complex appeared, which was also changed in 1940. Further changes were made every 5-8 years, until the last one was approved in 1972. sports complex programs. So, by a resolution of the Central Committee of the party on January 17, 1972, 5 stages of the TRP were adopted, for each of them their own requirements were created, each stage had its own name. The very first stage - "Brave and dexterous" covered children 10-13 years old. The second step - up to 15 years, the third - from 15 to 18, the fourth step differed for men and women. For the male part of the USSR - 19-28 years, and 29-39, women - up to 34 years. The fifth, last stage of the TRP is from 40 to 60 for men and from 35 to 55 for women. In addition, in the same year, the TRP military sports complex for the military was adopted, which corresponded to the fourth stage.
Along with the development of the TRP, the number of people involved in sports also increased. So, for example, in ten years, from 1931 to 1941, the number of people who passed the TRP standards of the 1st stage was 6 million people, about 100 thousand passed the second stage. And by 1948, there were more than 7 million people involved in sports. This figure increased dramatically by 1977, when more than 52 million people in the country fulfilled the TRP standards.
Badges and Iconists
It is a mistake to believe that "Ready for Labor and Defense" is just a complex of physical training. This is a whole culture, a separate sport, with its own championships, champions, victories and winners. The TRP had its own awards - a silver and gold badge.
And the standards for these awards were serious. So, in order to get a gold badge of the 1st stage of the TRP, a boy of 10-11 years old had to pass the standards for a whole set of exercises, for example, run 1 kilometer in 7 minutes 30 seconds, ride a bike 5 kilometers in 15 minutes, pull up 5 times and run cross 1 kilometer. The standards for the silver badge were a bit more modest, but not significant. Along with the step, the standards also changed, for example, for men aged 19-28, it was necessary to run a kilometer not in 7 minutes, but twice as fast - in 3 minutes 10 seconds. Pulling up on the crossbar for this stage of the TRP, like cycling, is no longer necessary, but shooting is added, camping trip, the need to have a category in a particular sport. For the last stage of the TRP, the standards are easier, a number of sports disciplines are absent or replaced with alternative ones (for example, running is replaced by race walking, there is no time limit for swimming). But on the other hand, how many people of pre-retirement age today can boast of high performance in sports?
It should also be noted that the TRP standards for women were not very different from the male standards. In general, for comparison, women's standards were 10 percent more "forgiving" compared to men's rates.
In the structure of the TRP, in addition to badges, there were certificates. The first TRP badges were issued in the very first year of the existence of the structure, they were received by 24 thousand people. The very first badge was given to Yakov Melnikov, a speed skater who won bronze at the World Championships in 1923. By the way, in addition to this victory, he had 27 more national records. Every year the number of people who received badges grew. So, for example, by 1932, 465 thousand people received the badge of the first degree, and a year later - twice as many. Ten years after the creation of the TRP, the number of people who received the gold badge was 6 million people. Among the people who received the TRP badges were famous stars of sports and culture of the USSR, Arkady Gaidar, the Znamensky brothers, Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy.
The norms of the TRP throughout its history have changed, supplemented and reduced, depending on situations in the world, society, even the weather. For example, in areas of the USSR where there was no snow, skiing was replaced by walking. In wartime, the disciplines of the TRP were supplemented by a number of applied competitions, for example, carrying a box of ammunition and climbing trees and a pole. Over time, the number of tests also decreased. So, in 1940, to obtain a badge of the 1st degree, it was necessary to pass 14 tests, later this figure was reduced to 9 standards.
Goals and objectives of the TRP
In total, 2 main tasks of the TRP can be distinguished - increasing the general level of public health, and creating a certain stratum in society, always ready for military defense. Why was this particular format chosen? Firstly, a clear system of standards created competition. Children, teenagers, tried to surpass three rivals at once - firstly, their comrades, participants in the competition, and secondly, the standards indicated in the table in order to get a badge. And thirdly, their own results. The TRP system was a powerful incentive for sports. The standards developed all muscle groups, increased endurance, coordination, the ability to calculate one's strength and potential. The second task is to create a group of people who are always ready to defend the state. Here the task of the TRP is not to increase the potential to the maximum, but to unify all the inhabitants of the USSR in terms of sports training, so that everyone can lift a box of cartridges, so that everyone can climb over the fence in which case, or crawl under barbed wire. In the event of a military confrontation, it is important that all fighters are equally strong. In war, a boxer or a hammer thrower has no advantages, which is why the TRP complex did not include these disciplines. But it is necessary that everyone knows how to swim, climb trees, shoot accurately - for this, there were such standards in the TRP complex.
Perhaps for many today it is surprising why the TRP was needed, after all, you can get by with army training. Such statements are not entirely true. In the days of the USSR, the strongest state was not the one that had more atomic bombs, submarines or tanks. The country that had a large and trained army was strong. You don't have to look far for an example - Finland, with its famous Mannerheim Line. In fact, the population of the Finns was approximately equal to the number of the Soviet army, but everyone could fight among the Finns, so the population turned into an army. And this army gave the most severe rebuff to the Soviet army. And there are many such examples. Let me remind you that the discipline is called “ready for work and defense” - precisely defense, not attack. Systems where the population fights against the enemy are only suitable for defensive scenarios. And only for areas where this is facilitated by the landscape, natural and geographical conditions. So it was in the Finnish War, where impregnable shores gave advantages to the defense forces. It could have been the same in the USSR, where the Siberian open spaces and swamps made it possible for the population to conduct military operations in the event of aggression and have an advantage, dragging out the war for for a long time, plunging the enemy into confrontation for a long time. The GTO complex prepared people for such scenarios. Disciplines were applied in nature, which is important. All the standards of the TRP could be applied in practice, in real natural conditions.
Criticism of the TRP
Of course, the TRP system can be viewed from different angles, it has both pluses and minuses. Firstly, the system was quite rigid, only 2 gradations. On the one hand, she pushed the child to “be like everyone else”, on the other hand, the children are completely different, and it is impossible to equate all of them under the same ruler. What is simple for one child may be extremely difficult for another. Such a system can separate children, divide them into “normal” and those who are left behind. In terms of health benefits, there may also be disadvantages here. If we consider the TRP as a sports, and not a military discipline, then in this regard it shows its imperfection. Sports are traditionally divided into professional and amateur, amateur. In professional sports there are strict standards, while in amateur sports everyone determines their own standards for themselves. In this regard, the TRP combines strict standards from professional sports, and the lack of a full-fledged sports platform, as in the amateur. Thus, if the TRP norms had a declarative character, it would be much easier and more interesting. Also, the need to “set the norm” made life extremely difficult for people who were not ready for professional sports.
If we consider the TRP from the point of view of military training, strict standardization here also does not go hand in hand. War is improvisation. There are no rehearsals in improvisation. It is one thing to shoot at a target where the bullseye is always at the same distance, where there is time to inhale and exhale before shooting, where the target is always printed in black ink on a white background. It is completely different to shoot a living person. And here the TRP system can show complete uselessness, because hitting a living target - fast, dynamic, and most importantly live - can be extremely difficult even for a “badgeist”. Climbing over fences, running with obstacles can also be useless in war conditions. A person can practice jumping over a two-meter fence a thousand times, and in real combat operations he will not be able to repeat this if the fence is 10 centimeters higher, and barbed wire- 10 centimeters higher, while the fence will stagger and creak. Here, the normalization of the GTO finally loses. War is not a sport, and regulations are useless here. Heroes are not made by the colors of the badge, but by the ability to navigate in extreme conditions, adapt to the environment, and make quick decisions. In addition, it is not clear why it was necessary to take into account the TRP as a performance criterion. Perhaps it would be more useful to turn the "Ready for Labor and Defense" complex into an optional discipline, or a separate sport only for those who wish to do it.
However, it's better than nothing. And it is impossible to speak with unequivocal criticism of the TRP. Be that as it may, this is a system that, although, fortunately, did not show itself in the field, it instilled a love for the sport in several generations of young people.
TRP today
Today, the TRP is being revived, transformed in a new form and new conditions. On June 11 this year, the President of Russia issued a corresponding decree, which renews the complex, forgotten for 23 years. In this case, a slightly different goal is pursued. The TRP program is being created in order to increase the percentage of the population that regularly goes in for sports, as well as to extend the lives of Russians in general. The TRP complex will return to Russian schools from the first of September. And in 2015, it will already be taken into account as a criterion for admission to universities. The system has received many changes. So, children will now go in for sports according to this system from the age of 6. In total, for implementation complete system it will take about four years. It is planned to spend about one and a half billion rubles on the implementation, they will be taken from the money left after the Sochi Olympics. Russian President Vladimir Putin noted that the TRP complex in this case will instill in children sports skills and a love for physical education. But whether this will actually be the case, we will see in time.
IT IS INTERESTING!
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the launch of a project to revive the TRP system. “At the same time, it was decided to keep the old name - “Ready for work and defense!” as a tribute to the traditions of our national history,” Vladimir Putin said at a meeting of the Sports Council on Monday, March 24, 2014.
The TRP complex was sent to physical development and strengthening the health of citizens, was the basis of the system of physical education and was intended to promote the development of a mass physical culture movement in the Soviet Union.
The program involved citizens of the country aged 10 to 60 years. For each age group relevant requirements and standards for physical training were established.
It was necessary to hand over such types of exercises as running, long and high jumps, swimming, throwing a ball, cross-country skiing, pulling up on the bar, shooting, cyclocross, hiking, etc.
Passing the standards was confirmed by special silver and gold TRP badges. Those who passed the standards for several years received the badge "Honorary badge of the TRP". The program ran from 1931 to 1991, with TRP requirements changing over time.
"The GTO complex, approved in 1939, played an important role in the creation of the Soviet system of physical education and the deployment of a mass physical culture movement in the country.
However, on present stage development of a socialist society, the current TRP complex, in terms of a number of provisions and the level of regulatory requirements, does not correspond to the tasks set by the XXIV Congress of the CPSU in the field of physical culture and sports, and cannot serve as a sufficient basis for further improvement of the Soviet system of physical education.
The backlog of the norms of the TRP complex from the requirements of the time and serious shortcomings in the organization of practical work on the TRP complex negatively affect the development of physical culture and sports in the country.
Physical culture is poorly used to improve the professional and military-applied training of young students. At many enterprises, construction sites, institutions, collective farms and state farms there is no daily concern for the physical education of the working people. The means of physical culture are used extremely limitedly in the system of scientific organization of labor and recreation of workers and employees, in order to improve the health of workers and prevent occupational diseases, in the fight against bad habits, as well as in strengthening labor and social discipline, in educational work with young people.
Many ministries and departments, party, Soviet, trade union and economic organizations are slowly solving the problem of expanding the material and technical base for physical culture and sports.
The new TRP complex, which is the programmatic and regulatory basis of the Soviet system of physical education, is called upon to play an important role in the training of comprehensively developed and physically perfect people, active builders of a communist society, and staunch defenders of the Motherland.
Stage I: "Brave and dexterous" (for boys and girls aged 10-11 and 12-13)
| N p / p | Types of exercises | boys | Girls | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-11 years old | 12-13 years old | 10-11 years old | 12-13 years old | ||||||
| on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | ||
| 1 | Run | ||||||||
| 30 m (sec.) | 5,8 | 5,2 | - | - | 6,0 | 5,4 | - | - | |
| 60 m (sec.) | - | - | 10,0 | 9,2 | - | - | 10,2 | 9,6 | |
| 2 | Long jump (cm) | 310 | 340 | 340 | 380 | 260 | 300 | 300 | 350 |
| 3 | High jump (cm) | 95 | 105 | 105 | 115 | 85 | 95 | 100 | 110 |
| 4 | Throwing tennis ball(m) | 30 | 35 | 35 | 40 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 26 |
| 5 | 25 | - | 50 | - | 25 | - | 50 | - | |
| 50 m (min., sec.) | - | 1.20 | - | 1.05 | - | 1.30 | - | 1.15 | |
| 6 | Skiing | ||||||||
| 1 km (min., sec.) | 8.00 | 7.30 | - | - | 8.30 | 8.00 | - | - | |
| 2 km (min., sec.) | - | - | 14.00 | 13.00 | - | - | 16.30 | 15.30 | |
| In snowless areas: | |||||||||
| Cycling 5 km (min.) | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | |
| or | |||||||||
| Cross without time (m) | 500 | 1000 | 1000 | 1500 | 300 | 500 | 500 | 1000 | |
| 7 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 7 | - | - | - | - | |
| Rope climbing with legs (m, cm) | - | - | - | - | 2.50 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 3.50 | |
Note. For the gold badge, you must meet at least 5 norms at the level of the requirements established for the gold badge, and 2 norms at the level of the requirements established for the silver badge.
Elective exercises for those who pass on the gold badge (at the age of 10-11 years, you must pass 2 types, at the age of 12-13 years - 3 types).
| N p / p | Types of exercises | boys | Girls | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-11 years old | 12-13 years old | 10-11 years old | 12-13 years old | ||||||
| on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | ||
| 1 | Obstacle course 80 m | - | 4 obstacles | - | 5 obstacles | - | 3 obstacles | - | 4 obstacles |
| 2 | Gymnastics all-around | - | triathlon | - | quadrathlon | - | biathlon | - | triathlon |
| 3 | _ | 5-6 km | - | - | 5-6 km | - | fulfill the requirements for the "Young Tourist" badge | ||
| 4 | Shooting | - | - | - | - | - | - | complete the requirements for the "Young Shooter" badge | |
| 5 | Running on simple skates 100 m (sec.) | - | 20 | - | 18 | - | 22 | - | 20 |
| 6 | Participation in competitions sports games(number of games) | - | 5 | - | 8 | - | 5 | - | 8 |
Stage II: "Sports shift" (for teenagers 14-15 years old)
| N p / p | Types of exercises | boys | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | ||
| 1 | Run 60 m (sec.) | 9,2 | 8,4 | 10,0 | 9,4 |
| 2 | Cross | ||||
| 300 m (min., sec.) | - | - | 1.00 | 0.55 | |
| 500 m (min., sec.) | 1.45 | 1.30 | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| Running on simple skates 300 m (min., sec.) | 0.58 | 0.50 | 1.05 | 1.00 | |
| 3 | Long jump (cm) | 390 | 450 | 310 | 360 |
| or | |||||
| High jump (cm) | 120 | 130 | 105 | 110 | |
| 4 | Throwing a tennis ball (m) | 38 | 46 | 25 | 30 |
| 5 | Ski race | ||||
| 2 km (min.) | - | - | 15 | 14 | |
| 3 km (min., sec.) | 17.30 | 16.30 | - | - | |
| In snowless areas: | |||||
| forced march | |||||
| 1 km (min., sec.) | - | - | 5.20 | 5.00 | |
| 2 km (min.) | 10 | 9 | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| cyclocross | |||||
| 5 km (min.) | - | - | 15 | 14 | |
| 10 km (min.) | 28 | 26 | - | - | |
| 6 | Swimming 50 m (min., sec.) | 1.00 | 0.50 | 1.10 | 1.00 |
| 7 | Pull-ups on the bar, (number of times) | 6 | 8 | - | - |
| or | |||||
| Lifting from the hang to point-blank coup or force | 2 | 3 | - | - | |
| - | - | 8 | 10 | ||
| 8 | Hiking trip with a test of tourist skills (km) | 12 | 16 | 12 | 16 |
| 9 | Sports category (for any sport) | - | II-III youth | - | II-III youth |
Note. For the gold badge, you must complete at least 6 norms at the level of the requirements established for the gold badge, and 2 norms at the level of the requirements established for the silver badge (excluding the 9th norm).
Stage III: "Strength and Courage" (for boys and girls aged 16-18)
| N p / p | Types of exercises | Youths | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | ||
| 1 | Run 100 m (sec.) | 14,2 | 13,5 | 16,2 | 15,4 |
| 2 | Cross | ||||
| 500 m (min., sec.) | - | - | 2.00 | 1.50 | |
| 1000 m (min., sec.) | 3.30 | 3.20 | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| Running on simple skates 500 m (min., sec.) | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.20 | |
| 3 | Long jump (cm) | 440 | 480 | 340 | 375 |
| or | |||||
| High jump (cm) | 125 | 135 | 105 | 115 | |
| 4 | Throwing a grenade with a weight | ||||
| 500 g (m) | - | - | 21 | 25 | |
| 700 g (m) | 35 | 40 | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| Shot put with weight | - | - | |||
| 4 kg (m, cm) | 6.00 | 6.80 | |||
| 5 kg (m) | 8 | 10 | - | - | |
| 5 | Ski race | ||||
| 3 km (min.) | - | - | 20 | 18 | |
| 5 km (min.) | 27 | 25 | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| 10 km (min.) | 57 | 52 | - | - | |
| In snowless areas: | |||||
| forced march | |||||
| 3 km (min.) | - | - | 20 | 18 | |
| 6 km (min.) | 35 | 32 | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| Bicycle cross | |||||
| 10 km (min.) | - | - | 30 | 27 | |
| 20 km (min.) | 50 | 46 | - | - | |
| 6 | Swimming 100m (min., sec.) | 2.00 | 1.45 | 2.15 | 2.00 |
| 7 | Pull-ups on the bar (number of times) | 8 | 12 | - | - |
| or | |||||
| Lifting from hanging to point-blank with a coup or force (number of times) | 3 | 4 | - | - | |
| Flexion and extension of the arms, lying in emphasis on the gymnastic bench (number of times) | - | - | 10 | 12 | |
| 8 | |||||
| 25m (points) | 33 | 40 | 30 | 37 | |
| or | |||||
| 50m (points) | 30 | 37 | 27 | 34 | |
| or | |||||
| Shooting out military weapons- initial exercise under the program of initial military training | satisfactorily | Good | satisfactorily | Good | |
| 9 | Hiking trip with a test of tourist skills and orientation in the area | 1 hike of 20 km or 2 hikes of 12 km | 1 hike of 25 km or 2 hikes of 15 km | ||
| 10 | Sports category for: | ||||
| a) automobile, water-motor, motorcycle, gliding, parachuting, airplane, helicopter, underwater sports, sea all-around, biathlon, modern pentathlon, bullet shooting, radiosport, orienteering, wrestling (all kinds), boxing | - | III | - | III | |
| b) any other sport | - | II | - | II | |
Note. For the gold badge, you must complete at least 7 norms at the level of the requirements established for the gold badge, and 2 norms at the level of the requirements established for the silver badge (excluding the 10th norm). Girls who have completed training under the training program for nurses are credited with passing 10 norms for a gold badge.
Stage IV: "Physical perfection" (for men aged 19-39 and women aged 19-34)
| N p / p | Types of exercises | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19-28 years old | 29-39 years old | 19-28 years old | 29-34 years old | ||||||
| on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | on a silver badge | on a gold badge | ||
| 1 | Run 100 m (sec.) | 14,0 | 13,0 | 15,0 | 14,0 | 16,0 | 15,2 | 17,0 | 16,0 |
| 2 | Cross | ||||||||
| 500 m (min., sec.) | - | - | - | - | 2.00 | 1.45 | 2.10 | 2.00 | |
| or | |||||||||
| 1000 m (min., sec.) | 3.20 | 3.10 | 3.45 | 3.30 | 4.30 | 4.10 | 5.00 | 4.30 | |
| or | |||||||||
| 3000 m (min., sec.) | 11.00 | 10.30 | 11.30 | 11.00 | - | - | - | - | |
| 3 | Bounce | ||||||||
| in height (cm) | 130 | 145 | 125 | 130 | 110 | 120 | 105 | 110 | |
| or | |||||||||
| in length (cm) | 460 | 500 | 400 | 460 | 350 | 380 | 320 | 350 | |
| 4 | Throwing a grenade with a weight | ||||||||
| 500 g (m) | - | - | - | - | 23 | 27 | 20 | 23 | |
| 700 g (m) | 40 | 47 | 35 | 40 | - | - | - | - | |
| or | |||||||||
| Shot put with weight | |||||||||
| 4 kg (m, cm) | - | - | - | - | 6.50 | 7.50 | 6.20 | 6.50 | |
| 7257 g (m, cm) | 7.50 | 9.00 | 6.50 | 7.50 | - | - | - | - | |
| 5 | Ski race | ||||||||
| 3 km (min.) | - | _ | - | - | 19 | 17 | 21 | 19 | |
| or | |||||||||
| 5 km (min.) | 25 | 24 | 30 | 26 | 35 | 33 | 38 | 35 | |
| or | |||||||||
| 10 km (min.) | 54 | 50 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| In snowless areas: | |||||||||
| forced march | |||||||||
| 3 km (min.) | - | - | - | - | 19 | 17 | 21 | 19 | |
| 6 km (min.) | 36 | 33 | 38 | 36 | - | - | - | - | |
| or | |||||||||
| Bicycle cross | |||||||||
| 10 km (min.) | - | - | - | - | 28 | 25 | 30 | 27 | |
| 20 km (min.) | 46 | 43 | 48 | 46 | - | - | - | - | |
| 6 | Swimming 100m (min., sec.) | 2.05 | 1.50 | 2.15 | 2.05 | 2.20 | 2.00 | 2.30 | 2.20 |
| 7 | Pull-ups on the bar (number of times) | ||||||||
| own weight up to 70 kg | 9 | 13 | 6 | 9 | - | - | - | - | |
| 7 | 11 | 4 | 7 | - | - | - | - | ||
| or | |||||||||
| Push the bar from the chest (as a percentage of its own weight) | |||||||||
| own weight up to 70 kg | 55 | 75 | 50 | 55 | - | - | - | - | |
| own weight of 70 kg and more | 65 | 85 | 60 | 65 | - | - | - | - | |
| or | |||||||||
| - | - | 12 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 10 | ||
| or | |||||||||
| Raising and lowering the body in a prone position, hands behind the head, legs are fixed (number of times) | - | - | - | - | 40 | 50 | 30 | 40 | |
| 8 | Shooting from a small-caliber rifle | ||||||||
| 25m (points) | 37 | 43 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 43 | 35 | 37 | |
| or | |||||||||
| 50m (points) | 34 | 40 | 34 | 40 | - | - | - | - | |
| or | |||||||||
| Shooting from military weapons | |||||||||
| 100m (points) | 70 | 75 | 60 | 65 | - | - | - | - | |
| 9 | Hiking trip with a test of tourist skills | 1 hike of 25 km or 2 hikes of 15 km | 1 hike of 20 km or 2 hikes of 12 km | 1 hike of 25 km or 2 hikes of 15 km | 1 hike of 25 km or 2 hikes of 15 km | 1 hike of 30 km or 2 hikes of 20 km | 1 hike of 20 km or 2 hikes of 12 km | 1 hike of 25 km or 2 hikes of 15 km | |
| 10 | Sports rank in any sport | - | II | - | - | - | II | - | - |
Notes: 1. For the gold badge, you must complete at least 7 norms at the level of the requirements set for the gold badge, and 2 norms at the level of the requirements established for the silver badge (excluding the 10th norm). 2. For a gold badge with honors, you must fulfill all the requirements and standards for a gold badge and have one first rank or two second ranks.
Stage V: Vigor and health (for men aged 40-60 and women aged 35-55)
| N p / p | Types of exercises | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40-49 years old | 50-60 years old | 35-44 years old | 45-55 years old | ||
| 1 | Run 60 m (sec.) | 12,0 | - | 12,8 | - |
| brisk walking | |||||
| 200 m (min., sec.) | - | - | - | 1.20 | |
| 400 m (min., sec.) | - | 2.50 | - | - | |
| 2 | Cross | ||||
| 300 m (min., sec.) | - | - | 1.25 | - | |
| 800 m (min., sec.) | 3.15 | - | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| Easy running (min.) | 20 | 15 | 10 | 8 | |
| 3 | Standing long jump (cm) | 190 | 170 | 150 | 130 |
| 4 | Throwing a grenade with a weight | ||||
| 500 g (m) | - | - | 18 | - | |
| 700 g (m) | 32 | - | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| Shot put with weight | |||||
| 4 kg (m, cm) | - | - | 5.50 | - | |
| 7257 g (m, cm) | 6.20 | - | - | - | |
| pushing medicine ball weighing 2 kg (m) | - | 8 | - | 6 | |
| 5 | Skiing | ||||
| 2 km (min.) | - | - | 18 | without regard to time | |
| 5 km (min.) | 35 | without regard to time | - | - | |
| In snowless areas: | |||||
| Mixed locomotion (walking-running) | |||||
| 3 km (min.) | - | - | 25 | without regard to time | |
| 5 km (min.) | 40 | without regard to time | - | - | |
| or | |||||
| A ride on the bicycle | |||||
| 5 km (min.) | - | - | 20 | - | |
| 10 km (min.) | 40 | - | - | - | |
| 6 | Swimming without time (m) | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 |
| 7 | Flexion and extension of the arms in support, lying on the gymnastic bench (number of times) | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| 8 | Shooting from a small-caliber rifle at 25 m (points) | 34 | - | - | - |
| 9 | Tourist hike (km) | 20 | 10 | 20 | 10 |
