Fine motor skills exercises. How to develop fingers: simple finger exercises

12.02.202127.05.2017

Valentina Fufaeva

Almost every parent with children under the age of 7 knows that the physical development children should be age appropriate. Everyone knows what it takes develop fine motor skills but not everyone understands how to do it. From a physiological point of view, fine motor skills this is the work of small muscles that are located in the hands. Development fine motor skills hands are very important, since the center responsible for active speech is located in the head, in close proximity to the center that is responsible for the movements of the limb of the hand. At development hands improves thinking, speech, memory. In addition, on how fine motor skills developed, depends on how quickly the child learns to hold a brush, pencil, pen in his hands. But develop fine motor skills of hands without development speech is not enough for a complete child development. So for two years I younger age did group work "Talented Fingers". When playing games and game exercises my children and I learned poems, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters. And in the second junior group children told tales, stretching the laces through the hole, stringing beads on the fishing line. We got "little get-togethers" with jokes and jokes.

A game "Button up the buttons"

Mushrooms, boats, butterflies, flowers are sewn from fabric. Children learn to fasten. At the same time, we pronounce the words of nursery rhymes.

A game "Sew Holes"

Children should stretch the lace beautifully without missing a single hole.

We pronounce the poems of A. Barto.

A game "Let's treat the Katya doll with juice".

Who will open more bottles.

A game "Chamomile"

It is necessary to do everything correctly, without missing Velcro, rivets, zippers, fasteners.

"Magic Eggs"

Open eggs, find stickers, small toys.

"Collect the beads"

We string caps with holes on a thick fishing line.

"Multicolored Figures"

We twist the caps on the neck of the bottles, which are inserted into geometric shapes.

"Ponytails"

We attach clothespins to plastic figures of apples, tomatoes, carrots.

"Soft, hard, smooth"

Exercise for tactile sensation.

"Artists"

Children on the carpet collect a picture (streams, clouds, house, etc.) with the help of Velcro, curlers.

"Cinderella"

Sort buckwheat, rice, peas. Children tell stories.

"Wonders of nature".

What is the sea to us, what is the forest to us,

They brought many miracles.

"Snowdrifts"

Children tear paper small pieces.

"Apple"

You need to divide the apple into slices. Treat friends.

"Colorful Rings"

Correctly and quickly assemble the pyramid.

"Matryoshka"

Our dolls are good

Have fun from the heart.

"Close the windows"

"Fold the Square"

"Put the picture out of the puzzles"

Related publications:

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the fingers and coordination of speech with movement“On the plane” (r / s) One, two, three, four, five (clapping hands 5 times) We will look for the islands (look from under the palm of our hand) We are flying on an airplane.

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills and relieving psycho-emotional stress. Master class for educators Master class for educators Conducted and prepared by Smirnova N. E. Games for the development of fine motor skills are especially needed for modern children.

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands Exists a large number of activities, exercises and games for the development of fine motor skills. All of them are divided into groups: games with small objects,.

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, manual praxis and tactile sensitivity for speech correction in children Game "Pianists" Purpose: development of fine motor skills of the hand, self-control functions, speech activity of the child. Guide: Children pretend to play.

Consultation for parents "Game exercises for the development of fine motor skills of preschool children" Consultation for parents Game exercises for the development of fine motor skills of preschool children. One of the important aspects of development.

Psychologists and neurophysiologists have long proved the direct dependence of the development of speech on the degree of formation of fine movements of the fingers.

Manual dexterity training contributes to the development of such necessary skills and qualities such as preparing a hand for writing, developing spatial thinking, the concept of relativity (more - less, shorter - longer, etc.), artistic perception, eye, teaching communication skills, attentiveness, perseverance and much more.

The main thing in classes of this kind is to accurately select the level of complexity of tasks for a specific age. Too simple, as well as too difficult tasks do not arouse interest in children. As the program material is mastered, the game can be made more difficult by increasing the number of items or speeding up the pace.

Many household chores are great fine motor skills exercises, such as:

Rewinding threads;
tying and untying knots;
caring for cut and fresh flowers;
metal cleaning;
pouring water, washing dishes, washing by hand;
collecting split pictures;
mixing dough with hands.

Psychologists say that a variety of objective activities also contribute to the development of fine motor skills:

- fastening and unbuttoning buttons (a special set for classes can be bought at the store);
- all kinds of lacing;
- stringing rings on a braid;
- sorting out cereals, grains (for example, separate beans from peas).

very many traditional games are an excellent simulator for the development of fingers constructors, crafts from plasticine, clay, drawing, cutting, sewing, playing with beads and others.

Here are a few fun games which work on the development of fine motor skills and are very pleasing to children and adults.

Small object games

"Who will remember?"

Equipment: a box with colored sticks of different sizes, samples drawn on the tables.
Content: an adult shows a sample to a child for 5-10 seconds. The child must carefully consider it and remember the order in which the sticks are placed. The adult removes the table, and the child independently lays out the drawing that he has just seen from the sticks.

Paper games.

Paperwork is very important for a child. You need to teach him to fold and unfold, roll, twist, flip, crumple. You can race around squares or circles, or draw the most intricate maze. Now on sale there are many different stencils of various geometric shapes, animals. The contours of the pattern can be laid out with beads or buttons.
Another game for the little ones: tear paper into the drawer together with the baby and hide a small toy. It will need to be found by touch.

Finger games.

Performing these exercises, the child achieves a good development of fine motor skills, prepares the hand for writing and drawing. Hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.

"Scallop"

Lock your fingers in the lock. fingertips right hand click on upper part the back of the palm of the left hand, bending it so that the fingers of the left hand stand up like a cockscomb. Then the fingers of the left hand are pressed on the back of the right hand - and the fingers of the right hand turn into a cockscomb.

"The cat releases its claws"

Press the fingertips to the top of the palm. Then quickly straighten and spread your fingers.

"Fast Spin"

Interlock your fingers into the lock (only the thumbs are not interlocked). With your thumbs, make rotational movements around each other, faster and faster.

"Rings"

Put the tip of the little finger on the tip of the thumb - this is a small ring. Then a new ring: the tips of the nameless and thumb; medium and large and, finally, index and large - this is a large ring.
Repeat everything on the other hand.

"Sun, fence, pebbles"

Raise your hands up, the fingers of both hands are straightened and widely separated - this is the "sun".

Then press your fingers tightly against each other and straighten - this is a "fence". Clench both hands into fists - these are “pebbles”.

At your command: “Sun”, “Fence”, “Pebbles” - the child shows with his fingers: “sun” with spread fingers, “fence” with straight fingers or “pebbles” - fists. At first, this exercise is performed at a slow pace, then faster and faster. To complete this task, the child must be extremely attentive.

As the child masters the exercises, introduce more complex elements: change the sequence, the speed of pronouncing command words.

Leaf in a box

It is useful for a child of preschool age to learn how to use a piece of paper in a box, because in the 1st grade in mathematics lessons he will have to work in a notebook. There it will be necessary not only to draw beautiful letters, write patterns, but also be able to work according to the model that the teacher will draw.

Task number 1. "Draw according to the model"

Very useful for preschool children - drawing by dots - children learn how to properly hold a pencil in their hands and guide it correctly by connecting the dots.

Task number 2. "Drawing by points"

The exercise includes 6 tasks, each of which is placed on a separate sheet of a special booklet given to the subject.
The samples in problems No. 1 and 5 are irregular triangles, in problem No. 2 - an irregular trapezoid, in problem No. 3 - a rhombus, in problem No. 4 - a square and in problem No. 6 - a four-beam star:

Task number 3. "Labyrinths"

We develop motor skills, attention and spatial representations.

Methodical development "Development of fine motor skills of the hand"

Author: Drankova Elena Alexandrovna, teacher of additional education
Place of work: MAU DO "TsDOD "Raduga" city of Perm

Methodical development "Development of fine motor skills of the hand" for children 7-8 years old

Purpose: creation of a methodological manual for the development of fine motor skills of the hand for junior schoolchildren.
This development is necessary for teachers, parents for gymnastics for fingers. It contains short description different types finger games and exercises to develop fine motor skills of the hand.

annotation
In the general system of comprehensive development of a person, the upbringing of a child occupies an important place. Starting from preschool age, the foundations of health, physical and mental development are laid, motor and labor skills are formed, speech and motor skills of the hand develop.
In class at primary school the child must have certain manual skills, but not all children have well-developed fine hand movements.
A teacher often faces a problem: how to develop hand motor skills? Therefore, I have selected and tested on children of primary school age a set of exercises and finger games. All these games help to make the most efficient use of class time, and make children want to effectively engage in manual labor and drawing.
It should be noted that the proposed methodological development finger games belong to health-saving technologies included in the list of modern educational technologies. Finger games and exercises for the development of motor skills help to increase the functional activity of the brain, stimulate speech, have a positive effect on the mental development of children, relieve mental stress and help with manual labor. It is very valuable that finger games contribute to the education of positive character traits in elementary school students: speed of reaction, sleight of hand, attentiveness, imagination, diligence. As a result of the exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing and manual labor skills.

Introduction
Fine motor skills are the ability to perform fine movements with fingers and hands through the coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems. Fine motor skills begin to develop naturally from infancy. With age, motor skills become more varied and complex. The proportion of actions that require coordinated movements of both hands is increasing.
Why is it so important to develop fine motor skills in a child's hands? The motor centers of speech in the cerebral cortex are located next to the motor centers of the fingers, therefore, by developing speech and stimulating the motor skills of the fingers, we transmit impulses to the speech centers, which activates speech, general development child and affects his intellectual abilities. Science has proven that one of the indicators of the normal physical and neuropsychic development of a child is the development of the hand, manual skills, or, as they say, fine motor skills.
Fine motor skills are a type of movement that involves small muscles. Classes for the development of fine motor skills of the hand are developing, health-saving and healing.
The influence of manual (manual) actions on the development of the human brain was known as early as the 2nd century BC in China. Experts argued that games involving hands and fingers lead to a harmonious relationship between the body and mind, maintain brain systems in excellent condition.
Neutrobiologists and psychologists involved in the study of the brain and mental development of children have long proved the connection between hand motor skills and speech development.
Japanese doctor Namikoshi Tokujiro created a healing technique for influencing the hands. He claimed that the fingers were endowed with big amount receptors that send impulses to the central nervous system person.
Oriental doctors have established that massage of the thumb increases the functional activity of the brain, massage of the index finger has a positive effect on the state of the stomach, the middle finger on the intestines, the ring finger on the liver and kidneys, and the little finger on the heart.
In Japan, palm and finger exercises with walnuts are widely used. An excellent healing and tonic effect is exerted by rolling a hexagonal pencil between the palms.
In China, palm exercises with stone and metal balls are common. The popularity of classes is explained by their healing and tonic effect on the body. Regular exercises with balls improve memory, mental abilities of the child, eliminate his emotional stress, improve the activity of the cardiovascular and digestive systems, develop coordination of movements, strength and manual dexterity, maintain vitality.
Studies by domestic physiologists also confirm the connection between the development of hands and the development of the brain. The works of V. M. Bekhterov confirm the influence of hand manipulation on the functions of higher nervous activity, the development of speech. Simple moves hands help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also from the lips, relieve fatigue. They are able to improve the pronunciation of many sounds, and therefore - to develop the speech of the child. The study of M. M. Koltsov proved that each finger of the hand has a fairly extensive representation in the cerebral cortex. This fact should be used in work with children and where the development of speech occurs in a timely manner, and especially where there is a lag, a delay in the motor side of speech.

There are a wide variety of forms of training for the development of finger movement.
1. Static images with fingers of objects, images of the world around: figures from fingers "flag", "flower";
2. Active movements of the fingers in the rhythm of the text accompanying the game in poetic form: “fist-fist”, “patties-palms”;
3. Movement of fingers with objects: pencil, nuts, sticks, small ball, cords, rubber rings, clothespins and other objects;
4. Ira with mosaic;
5. Modeling with plasticine, salt dough, clay;
6. Paper work: torn appliqué, paper folding, cutting and pasting, origami;
7. Games with cereals, seeds: pouring cereals from one container to another, parsing different types of cereals, laying out images from cereals;
8. Actions with water: pouring water from one container to another;
9. Actions with sand: pouring sand, molding from wet sand;
10. Actions with small toys;
11. Actions with buttons: fastening, unbuttoning;
12. Action with ropes: tying and untying knots, with a bow;
13. Drawing on paper in different techniques: traditional methods and non-traditional methods;
14. Display of the finger theater;
15. Lego construction.

What happens when a child does finger gymnastics?
1. Performing exercises and rhythmic finger movements inductively leads to excitation in the speech centers of the brain and a sharp increase in the coordinated activity of the speech zones, which ultimately stimulates the development of speech.
2. Finger games create a favorable emotional background, develop the ability to imitate an adult, teach to listen and understand the meaning of speech, increase the child's speech activity.
3. The child learns to concentrate his attention and distribute it correctly.
4. If the child performs the exercises, accompanying them with short poetic lines, then his speech will become more clear, rhythmic, and vivid.
5. The child's memory develops as he learns to memorize. After all, in finger games you need to remember a lot: the position of the fingers, and the sequence of movements, and just poetry.
6. As a result of mastering all the exercises, the hands and fingers will gain strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing.
7. Contribute to the development of creative activity. After all, you can “tell” whole stories with your hands!
8. Finger games help to form elementary mathematical representations in the game
9. Training the movements of the fingers and hands increases the efficiency of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child's thinking.
10. Motility of the hand is activated. Thus, dexterity is developed, the ability to control one's movements. Fingers and hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.

Instructions for performing exercises for the development of motor skills of the hand.
At first, all exercises are performed slowly. It is necessary to ensure that the child correctly reproduces and holds the position of the hand or fingers and correctly switches from one movement to another.
If necessary, you need to help the child or teach him to help himself with his other hand.
Exercises are practiced first with one hand (if the participation of both hands is not provided), then with the other hand, after that - with both hands at the same time.
If the exercises are shown in the picture, then to create a visual image, you need to show the child a drawing and explain how the exercises are performed. Gradually, the need for explanation disappears.
When developing motor skills of the hands, one must not forget that the child has two hands. Exercises must be duplicated: perform both with the right hand and with the left. By developing the right hand, we stimulate the development of the left hemisphere of the brain. Conversely, by developing the left hand, we stimulate the development of the right hemisphere.
Finger training should start from the very beginning. early childhood. Children who have better developed small, subtle hand movements have more developed brain, especially those departments that are responsible for speech. In other words, the better the child's fingers are developed, the easier it will be for him to master speech.

Main part.

Types of games and exercises for the development of hand motor skills:
Physical exercise
Fine motor skills are also developed physical exercise. These are various hangings and climbing (along the ladder, on sports complex). Such exercises strengthen the palms and fingers, develop muscles.
walnut exercises
You can widely use exercises for the palms and fingers with walnuts.
Rolling between the palms of a hex pencil
An excellent healing and tonic effect is exerted by rolling a hexagonal pencil between the palms.
ball games
In corrective practice, you can use the ball - which is an excellent tool. Their choice is quite wide: on sale there are balls of various colors, sizes, qualities, for every taste. Ball games develop fine and general motor skills, orientation in space, distract the child's attention from a speech defect, encourage communication, regulate the strength and accuracy of movement. They help to normalize the emotional-volitional sphere, which is especially important for hyperexcitable children. Developing muscle strength, enhance the work the most important organs lungs, heart, improve metabolism.

Complex of ball games "Warm-up"
I squeeze the ball hard
And I'll change my hand

Hello my favorite ball! -
Every finger will say in the morning

Dance knows how to dance
On the ball my every finger

I'll turn, and you check-
Top right now!

I knead the ball with my finger,
I drive the ball along the fingers.

I will play football
And I'll score a goal in the palm of my hand.

Top left, bottom right
I ride it - bravo.

Spiral.
Doesn't crawl or run
She circles over the flower.
For a coil comes a coil -
So she sat down on a flower.

Paper activities
Applique, origami, and design classes develop fine motor skills of the fingers.
Origami is a type of activity in which both hands are involved. That is why folding is useful activity, contributing to the activity of both the left and right hemispheres of the brain, since two hands are included in the work at once. Classes develop attention, memory, imagination, ingenuity. All these mental features are inextricably linked and depend on the activity of the right and left hemispheres of the brain. The function of the right hemisphere of the brain is associated with imagination, musical and artistic abilities, and the left hemisphere is associated with logical thinking, speech, counting, and scientific abilities. The plasticity of the child's brain and the minimal dominance of one hemisphere over the other is a very fertile ground for the development of both halves of the brain.
Doctors say that origami classes deeply affect the mental state of the child and bring him into balance. Anxiety is reduced in children practicing this art, which allows them to adapt to various difficult situations.
Classes with paper develop the child's skills in working with different materials, tools; educate perseverance, accuracy, attentiveness, creativity, imagination, fantasy, spatial thinking, broaden horizons, cognitive abilities.
Classes with plasticine, clay, salt dough.
Modeling classes develop motor skills in children. Students learn different techniques and methods of modeling from clay, salt dough, plasticine Dymkovo toys, dishes, animals, birds.
It is very valuable that modeling classes contribute to the education of elementary school students in the speed of reaction, manual dexterity, attentiveness, imagination, diligence, accuracy, perseverance. As a result of the manufacture of toys, the hands and fingers acquire strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate the mastery of writing and manual skills at school.
Finger games.
Finger games are exercises for fingers and pens, staging with their help any poems, stories, fairy tales. Finger games are an important part of the development of fine motor skills of the hands. These games are very emotional, exciting for children, and also extremely useful for their overall development.
In the oral speech of any nation, one can find short poems that are accompanied by finger movements, for example, the well-known "Magpie - Crow ...". The games “Ladushki”, “Horned Goat” were created by the talent of our folk pedagogy. It is recommended to stimulate the speech development of children by training the movement of the fingers, using folk games - nursery rhymes for preschool children, and finger games with poems for children of primary school age:

Days of the week
On Monday I washed, (fists three against each other)
I swept the floor on Tuesday. (hands of relaxed hands down and imitating movements on the table)
On Wednesday I baked kalach, (we bake "pies")
All Thursday I was looking for the ball, (we bring our right hand to our forehead and make a "visor")
I washed the cups on Friday, (the fingers of the left hand are half-bent, the palm is on the edge, and with the index finger of the right hand we drive in a circle inside the left hand)
I bought a cake on Saturday. (palms open and joined together on the side of the little fingers)
All girlfriends on Sunday
Called for a birthday. (waving palms towards you)

Winter
One, two, three, four, five, (bend fingers one at a time)
We went for a walk in the yard.
They sculpted a snow woman, (we imitate the modeling of lumps),
They fed the birds with crumbs, ("crush bread" with all fingers)
Then we rode down the hill, (we run the palm of our right hand along the palm of our left hand)
And they rolled in the snow. (we put our palms on the table with one or the other side)
Everyone came home in the snow, (we shake our hands)
We ate soup and went to bed. (we make movements with an imaginary spoon, put our hands under the cheek)

Orange
We shared an orange! (hands are clasped in the lock, we shake)
There are many of us (we spread our fingers)
And he is alone. (show only one finger)
This slice is for a hedgehog, (fingers are folded into a fist, we bend one finger at a time)
This slice is for a swift, (bend the next finger)
This is a slice for ducklings, (bend the next finger)
This is a slice for kittens, (bend the next finger)
This slice is for the beaver, (bend the next finger)
And for the wolf peel! (palms down, fingers outstretched)
He's angry with us, trouble! (wiggle finger)
Run away whoever! (simulate running fingers on the table)

Cake
We remember the dough with handles, (squeeze-unclench fingers)
Let's bake a sweet cake. (as if kneading dough)
Lubricate the middle with jam, (circular movements of the palms on the table)
And the top - sweet cream ( circular motions palms to each other)
And coconut crumbs
We will sprinkle the cake a little (sprinkle the "crumbs" with the fingers of both hands)
And then we'll make tea -
Invite a friend to visit! (one hand shakes the other)

Maple
The wind quietly shakes the maple, (fingers are spread out and stretch up)
Tilts to the right, to the left: (we shake our palms to the right and to the left)
One - tilt and two - tilt, (tilt left - right palms low-low)
The maple rustled with leaves. (wiggle fingers)
boat
A boat is sailing on the river
He swims from afar, (fold your hands like a boat and make wave-like movements)
Four on the boat
A very brave sailor. (show 4 fingers raised up)
They have ears on top of their head, (raise hands to head, show ears with bent palms)
They have long tails, (we put our hand to the lower back, we depict movements with the tail)
But only cats are afraid of them,
Only cats and cats. (we raise both hands to the head, depict cat claws and hiss)

Lock
There is a lock on the door (hands in the lock)
Who could open it? (pull fingers without opening)
Pulled, (pulled)
Twisted, (rotate hands)
Knocked (knocking with the base of the palms)
And - opened! (hands open)

Cabbage
We chop cabbage, chop (we chop with our palms)
We three cabbage, three (fists rub each other)
We salt the cabbage, salt (salt with a pinch)
We mash cabbage, mash (we squeeze and unclench our fingers)
Put it in a jar and try it.

Kitty
I walked alone along the path, (show one finger)
My two legs went with me (shows two fingers)
Suddenly three mice meet, (show three fingers)
Oh, we saw a kitten! (claps his hands on his cheeks and, as it were, shakes his head with his hands)
He has four paws (show four fingers)
There are sharp scratches on the paws, (we scratch the surface of what is at hand with our nails)
One, two, three, four, five (for each count we show the corresponding number of fingers)
You need to run fast! (two fingers, index and middle, run along the surface)

Leaves
One two three four five -
Let's collect the leaves. They clench and unclench their fists.
Birch leaves, Bend the thumb.
Rowan leaves, Bend the index finger.
Poplar leaves, Bend the middle finger.
Aspen leaves, Bend the ring finger.
We will collect oak leaves, Bend the little finger.
Mom will take the autumn bouquet. They clench and unclench their fists.

Visit
On a visit to the thumb
Came straight to the house Alternately connect all the fingers
Index and middle finger, with thumb.
The nameless and last little finger taps on the thumb.
Little finger itself
Knocked on the threshold.
Together, fingers are friends, Collect fingers into a pinch.
They cannot live without each other.
Bibliography
1. T.A. Dateshidze "The system of correctional work with children with delayed speech development" - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2004.
2. O.N. Gromova T.A. Prokopenko "Games - fun for the development of fine motor skills of the hand" Educational and practical guide Publisher: "Gnome and D", Moscow, 2001
3. L.P. Savina "Finger gymnastics" Manual for parents and teachers Publishing house: "Rodnichok", Moscow 2000
4. Shcherbakova T.N. "Finger Games" Publisher: "Karapuz", 1998

If you are attentive parents who are concentrating on scanning the information space for effective methodology teaching a preschooler, then, without a doubt, they have already heard about the need to develop fine motor skills in crumbs. However, even those who do not really delve into “children's topics” have heard about fine motor skills today.

Development of fine motor skills: justified necessity or fashion trend?

Recall that thanks to active training small muscles of the fingers and hands develop:

articulation apparatus and sound recognition system;
attention and memory;
intelligence;
imagination.

For the development of fine motor skills, a lot of ready-made games and toys are offered. One might get the impression that an entire industry is devoted to this direction of raising children in the first years of life.

But after all, our mothers and fathers, like their mothers and fathers, and entire generations of mothers and fathers before them somehow raised their offspring without laces, business boards, sorters and other insert frames. Ordinary cubes with a pyramid were enough, and the lucky ones had an unpretentious mosaic at home. So, maybe all these tricks and wisdom are useless for our children? We authoritatively declare: “Why!”

We, and even more so generations before us, were raised in completely different conditions:

We had lace-up shoes, which we famously coped with already in the younger group of kindergarten. Today, even 8-10-year-olds experience problems with elementary shoelaces.
Our parents and grandparents did not have computers and smartphones. Even TVs literally 25-30 years ago were not in every family. The family spent their leisure time doing needlework: mothers knitted and embroidered, fathers planed and soldered. Well, of course, we adopted their passion and also tried to create something with our own hands.
Our parents did not have so many electronic assistants - multicookers, food processors, robotic vacuum cleaners, automatic washing machines and other delights of modern civilization. They (the generations of parents that preceded us) were forced to work diligently around the house, and we were forced to help them no less diligently: sorting out cereals, digging up beds, sweeping, etc.

Now children are kept away from housework as long as possible. Their clothes have Velcro and zippers. They have fun watching cartoons or computer games. Where is the finger work? In the natural environment of a modern child, there is practically no place for it. Therefore, it is important to consciously introduce crumbs of exercises for the development of fine motor skills into the daily routine. What exercises are suitable for this purpose? Eureka knows!

Simple and effective exercises for the development of fine motor skills

Exercise 1: Hand Massage

Already a newborn baby can and should knead their hands. Crumple and stroke your palms, gently pinch the skin, sip the knuckles and make rotational movements with them. All manipulations should be easy, without undue zeal. You can say jokes. The most popular, of course, is the “magpie-crow”. But she is far from the only one. You can come up with simple rhymes yourself or use ready-made ones. For example:

Let's stroke the hand,

Rub your finger with your finger,

Let's get some rest,

And then we'll start again.

2. Thumb boy, where have you been?

With this brother I went to the forest,

I cooked cabbage soup with this brother,

I ate porridge with this brother,

I sang songs with this brother.

Exercise 2: Finger Gymnastics

The purpose of the lesson is to train the fingers, develop the hands, learn to coordinate actions. Exercise can be anything. The very first and simplest, already available to babies 5-6 months old, are “patties”. When saying a funny rhyme, play along with the baby: the fingers are as straight as possible, pressed against each other. Palms beat each other in time with the words of the nursery rhyme:

Sweeties!

Where were you? By Grandma!

What did they eat? porridge,

What did they drink? Brazhka!

almonds, almonds,

We're going to grandma's again!

Let the baby tap his fists on different surfaces, bend and unbend his fingers, spread them and stretch his palms up, “run” his fingers on the table, make circular movements with his hands.

Closer to three years, you can give your child a finger theater, which will give such gymnastics a new meaning.

Exercise 3: Paper Handling

Folding paper figures without scissors and glue (origami), as well as creating pictures with glue and cut-out paper elements (applications) is a great way to develop fine motor skills at any age from three years and older. In early childhood, the skills necessary for these creative activities are still lacking. Therefore, you can offer the baby to simply tear the paper.

Tearing can be done as early as 7-8 months. The main thing is to explain that you can tear only those pieces of paper that parents give.

To make this lesson meaningful, you can create some crafts from scraps yourself:

a simple postcard
Christmas tree toy;
panel.

With an older child - from a year or more - you can still turn over the paper. Children's books or glossy magazines are well suited for this. Make sure that the baby carefully grabs the pages with his fingers, turning them over one by one. This seemingly very simple exercise causes a lot of difficulties for kids.

Exercise 4: "Cinderella"

Remember, in the fairy tale "Cinderella" the evil stepmother forced the main character to sort out lentils and peas (depending on the version of the fairy tale, translation and film adaptation, cereals may vary, but this is not about that now). Of course you love your child. And, unlike the evil new wife Cinderella's dad, out of love, offer the crumbs to repeat the feat of a forced hardworking girl.

You can sort through different items:

multi-colored beads: red - to the left, blue - to the right;
buttons of different sizes: large - in a jar, small - in a box;
clothespins of various textures: wooden - on the table, plastic - under the table ...

Get creative and enjoy being creative with early development.

Exercise 5: Hide and Seek

Play hide and seek with your child. Only you and not the child will hide. You need to hide any small object - a pea, a bead, a small ball, etc.

For this game exercise prepare several jars with screw caps. Jars can be of different sizes, different colors, from different materials. The kid needs to carefully take a pea (or an alternative object) with his fingers, place it in a jar and close the jar with a lid. Believe me, a child aged 10 months and older can be captivated by such an activity for a very long time.

At first, the handles will be naughty: the pea every now and then strives to jump out and roll away, and the harmful lids just don’t want to screw on. But be patient and encourage your little one to try again and again.

Let him hide small sweets from Varya's doll - if Varenka finds a candy, he will eat it, and her teeth will ache. We must save Varya, hide the candy.
You can hide a seed from Mr. Rain (draw a thundercloud and rain on a white sheet). If Mr. Rain finds a seed, he will wet it, and the seed will not be able to grow.
Rich man Orange is looking for little Bean to make her work as a laborer, and we will save Bean. Hide it in the house and close the house with a lid.

Come up with interesting stories with your child's favorite toys and familiar fairy-tale characters. So the exercise will become more exciting, which means that its effectiveness will increase significantly.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills should be organically woven into the fabric of every day of a child's life. To a newborn, you yourself knead the arms and legs. As the child grows older, he is increasingly working on small muscles on his own.
You may not use all of the suggested exercises. You can change the conditions of games for the development of fine motor skills. You can do several exercises daily or devote the entire time of the session to only one exercise. The main thing is that the fingers and hands of the child work, train, and the baby himself at the same time perceives what is happening as an interesting game.
Combine different directions of early development. Working on fine motor skills, you train memory and attention: the baby needs to repeat movements after you, fold papers according to the model, or remember the fairy tale whose characters you used to play for the development of fine motor skills.
During massage and gymnastics, be sure to talk to the baby, even if the baby is only a few days old. It is very important that right speech surrounds a small person from birth. Speak in a soft, affectionate, emotional voice, but do not distort the words, do not imitate a non-existent "children's language." During the massage, smile at the child and “make faces”, sing and tell rhymes. The more actively you interact with the silly baby, the sooner you will notice how smart and quick-witted he really is.

Happy parenting, friends!

The development of fine motor skills in children is great importance. The development of fine motor skills in children directly determines the quality of life.Scientists have proven a close relationship between the development of fine motor skills and the development of speech in a child.

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The development of fine motor skills of the hands. Games and exercises.

Fine motor skills are the ability of a person to perform small and precise movements with the hands and fingers and toes as a result of the coordinated actions of three systems: nervous, muscular and bone.The development of fine motor skills in children is of great importance. Why?

The area of fine motor skills of the hands covers a huge number of very different movements. Fine motor skills help us perform both primitive gestures (for example, picking up objects in our hand) and fairly small and complex movements (for example, writing). The handwriting of a person depends on the degree of development of fine motor skills.

The development of fine motor skills in children directly determines the quality of life. A huge number of everyday activities are connected precisely with fine motor skills: we have to fasten buttons and lace up shoes, thread a needle. In addition, researchers have established a link between the development of fine motor skills of the hands and the development of speech, so that the development of fine motor skills in children helps them speak faster and better.

Scientists have proven a close relationship between the development of fine motor skills and the development of speech in a child. It turns out that the speech center of the brain is located very close to the motor center, which is responsible for the movements of the fingers. If you stimulate the motor center responsible for the movements of the fingers, then the speech center is also activated! Therefore, the development of fine motor skills is necessary for the rapid and correct formation of speech skills.

Unfortunately, in the last decade, the number of children with speech and writing disorders has increased significantly throughout the world. Thirty years ago, the percentage of such children was much less! What is the reason for this phenomenon? Yes, just in the old days there were no shoes and clothes with Velcro. But there were lace-up shoes, clothes with buttons, hooks and ties. Children daily tied shoelaces, fastened buttons and hooks, thus training their fingers! After all, such movements require skill and the development of fine motor skills. And now children are freed from the complex process of lacing up shoes and carefully fastening buttons. It turns out that before the fine motor skills of children developed due to such everyday actions, but now it suffers. Accordingly, speech skills also suffer, problems with writing appear, because motor skills and speech are closely related.

The development of fine motor skills in children is a natural process, it begins to develop even in infancy on the basis of general motor skills. The child starts with simple grasping gestures, then learns to shift the object from hand to hand, masters the “tweezer grip”. At the age of two, the child is already able to properly hold a spoon and a pencil, and begins to draw.

You need to start working on the development of fine motor skills from the very early age. Already a baby can massage fingers ( finger gymnastics), thereby affecting the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. In early and younger preschool age need to be done simple exercises, accompanied by a poetic text, do not forget about the development of elementary self-service skills: fasten and unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.

The task of teachers and child psychologists is to convey to parents the importance of games for the development of fine motor skills. Parents must understand that in order to interest the child and help him master new information, you need to turn learning into a game, do not back down if the tasks seem difficult, do not forget to praise the child. We bring to your attention games for the development of fine motor skills, which can be practiced both in kindergarten, as well as at home.

finger training

Simple

Clench your fingers into a fist and make circular movements with the brush to the left, then to the right, 4-5 times.
Forcefully squeeze and unclench your fingers. 5 - 6 times.
Straighten your fingers, take your thumb to the side and make circular movements with it, first to the left, then to the right. 4 - 6 times.
Straighten your fingers, simultaneously bend and unbend the first two phalanges. 5 - 6 times.
Spread straight fingers, sequentially, in a fan-shaped movement, starting with the little finger, bend all fingers into a fist. Then, starting with the thumb, return to the starting position. 3 - 4 times.
Clench your fingers into a fist. Try to unbend and bend each finger separately. Seek to keep others focused. Exercises are performed while sitting with your elbows on the table. Gradually increase the number of repetitions to 10-15 times. After finishing the gymnastics, you should shake your relaxed hands and do a massage.

Complexes of exercises (rhymes)

"Friendship"

"Girls and boys are friends in our group."
The fingers of the hands are connected rhythmically in the lock.
"You and I will make friends little fingers."
Rhythmic touch of the fingers of the same name of both hands.
"One two three four five".
Alternately touching the fingers of the same name, starting with the little fingers.
"Start counting again.
One two three four five.
We've finished counting."
Hands down, shake your hands.

"Walk"

When performing this exercise, the children sit in their places and rhythmically, alternately, in jumps, move the straight fingers of both hands along the surface of the table from themselves to its opposite edge.

Let the fingers go for a walk
the fingers are clenched into fists, the thumbs are lowered down and, as it were, jumping around the table.
And the second - to catch up,
rhythmic movements of the index fingers on the table.
Third fingers - run,
movement of the middle fingers at a fast pace.
And the fourth - on foot.
slow movement of the ring fingers on the surface of the table.
Fifth finger jumped
rhythmic touch of the surface of the table with the little fingers.
And at the end of the road he fell.
pounding on the table with fists.

"Little Men"

They ran along the river.
movement of the index and middle fingers on the surface of the table from oneself to the edge
Race kids.
Repeat several times.

"Visiting"

On a visit to the thumb
thumbs up on both hands
Came straight to the house
Palms together, fingers of the same name touching
Index and middle
alternately called fingers are connected to the thumbs on both hands at the same time.
Nameless and last
Little finger itself
fingers are clenched into a fist, only the little fingers are exposed up
Knocked on the threshold.
fists banging against each other
Together fingers are friends
rhythmic clenching of fingers into fists
They cannot live without each other.

"Come on, brothers, get to work!"

"Come on, brothers, get to work!
Show your passion.
The big one is to chop wood.
All stoves - you heat.
And you - to carry water,
And you - cook dinner,
And sing songs to the baby,
Songs to sing and dance
To amuse the siblings."

Children turn to the right hand, bent into a fist, alternately unbend all fingers.

"Scarlet Flowers"

"Our scarlet flowers
open the petals,
The wind breathes a little
The petals sway.
Our scarlet flowers
Close the petals
Sleeping quietly
They shake their heads."

The palms are joined in the shape of a tulip, the fingers slowly open, then smooth swaying of the hands is made, then slowly closed, acquiring the shape of a flower, the head of the flower is swayed.

" Orange"

"We shared an orange,
There is only one orange.
This slice is for the cat
This hedgehog slice
This slice is for the snail
This slice is for a siskin,
Well, the peel to the wolf!"

Start with the little finger, bend all fingers alternately.

"Hide and Seek"

"Fingers played hide and seek
And the heads were removed.
Like this, like this
So the heads were removed.

Squeezing and unclenching fingers.

Relaxing (self-massage of hands and fingers)

Pressing with strongly compressed four fingers of one hand on the base of the thumb, the middle of the palm, the base of the fingers of the other hand. Then the position of the hands changes.
Rubbing the palms with a hexagonal pencil with a gradual increase in effort.
Rubbing the palms with up and down movements.
Rubbing the lateral surfaces of interlocked fingers.
Kneading, then rubbing each finger lengthwise, then across.
Put the walnut between the palms, make circular movements, gradually increasing the pressure and pace. You can do the exercise with two walnuts, rolling one over the other, with one hand, then the other.
Pressing with an unsharpened pencil pain points palms, then rotate the pencil to the right, to the left.
Kneading the right hand with the fingers of the left and vice versa, then alternately rubbing.
Now on sale there are many games that purposefully develop the relevant skills. But there is nothing easier than using the tools at hand that are in any home. So, a few exercises for the development of fine motor skills:
"Rubber" . For this exercise, you can use an elastic band for hair with a diameter of 4-5 centimeters. Fingers are inserted into the gum. The task is to move the elastic band 360%, first in one direction and then in the other direction, with the movements of all fingers. It is performed first with one, then with the other hand.
"Kalyaki-malaki ". We take a tray and scatter small cereals (for example, semolina) on it. You can’t imagine a better drawing board. First, an adult draws lines on the “board”, and the kid repeats. Let it be very simple shapes: squares, circles, zigzags. Snowman , house, sun.
" The sun smiles. Exercise by Maria Montessori. We cut out a circle from thick paper and draw a smiling sun on it. We buy a large number of colored paper clips and attach them around the perimeter. You can play with colors: for example, string a yellow paper clip first, then green, then red. Or 3 yellow, 3 green, and so on. Here, an account is added to the exercise. Explain to the child why the sun smiles: it is pretty, because they play with it.
" Mosaic ". Collect buttons of different colors and sizes. Firstly, they can be sorted by diameter, color and texture (smooth-rough). Secondly, you can make pictures from them, lay out different shapes on a sheet of paper. It turns out a button mosaic. Boys can be interested in purely "male" games.
For example, screw nuts on bolts or press the buttons of an impromptu remote control (you can take an old, already outdated TV remote control without batteries). If you want, imagine that you are a driver, if you want - an airplane pilot or a tanker.
Very useful games, accompanied by short rhythmic poems. For example:
We pull the rope at the level of the child’s shoulders and give him a few clothespins. For each stressed syllable, the child hooks a clothespin to the rope: "I will deftly pin the clothespins to my mother's rope."
We take the grate for the sink, which consists of many "cells". The child walks with his index and middle fingers, like legs, along these cells, trying to take steps on each stressed syllable. You can “walk” alternately with one or the other hand, or you can use both at the same time, saying: “We wandered in the zoo, We approached each cage, And looked at everyone in a row: Bear cubs, wolf cubs, beavers.”
A special place in games for the development of motor skills is occupied by drawing and modeling. A small artist can start his creative activity by painting with oil pastels. If you do not find it on sale, wax crayons will do. They will help the baby learn to hold the chalk with two fingers (and there it is a stone's throw to hold the pencil).
Draw various shapes: lines (straight and wavy), circles, ovals, squares and triangles, paint over them. If it doesn’t work, first take the baby’s hand in yours and help him. The paper must be pretty big size, let's say A3, so that the baby does not miss. Over time, you will switch to felt-tip pens and paints.
You can sculpt from plasticine, or you can - from dough. Dough is definitely much safer. At first you can sculpt unintelligible "lumps", then - simple figures, letters. Over time, learn to touch the molded letters. You can stick various small objects into the dough: grains, peas, the same buttons.
In the development of fine motor skills, the same rule applies as in the development of other skills: more play, less coercion. And regularity. Do not indulge the capricious "I do not want, I will not." We'll have to show diplomatic skills. Be patient, persistent and wise.

But even without extra spending, you can arrange the necessary training for the child. All improvised means will be used:

Cereals (it’s so nice to put your hands in a bowl of beans! And if some kind of toy is waiting for the baby at the bottom, it’s even doubly so! Preschoolers can be instructed to sort and sort through various cereals)
Natural materials: acorns, chestnuts, cones, pebbles, shells, sticks
Kitchenware
Various containers, vials, boxes
Zippers, laces, ties, threads, ropes, fasteners, buttons, fabrics of various sizes, shapes, colors and textures
Beads and rings are very interesting to string on a braid
From matches, cotton buds and toothpicks, you can lay out various drawings (of course, under the supervision of parents)
Boys will especially appreciate bolts and nuts, as well as broken technical devices (ordinary and cell phones, calculators). And the girls will benefit from dressing and undressing their favorite dolls.

And what kid doesn't love sticking and unsticking fridge magnets? This activity can be varied according to your desire and possibilities. Allow also to eat with your hands “small food” (peas, corn, berries), peel boiled eggs, jacket potatoes, tangerines. It will be very entertaining to put paper clips on cardboard or clothespins on a rope. In general, it is useful to introduce children to household chores and teach them to help with cleaning around the house:

Sweep and collect trash and mop floors.
Collect motes from the floor, help collect objects scattered on the floor (buttons, cloves, beans, beads).
Dismantle split walnuts (kernels from shells), peel pistachios, peel off the film from roasted nuts.
Sculpt cookies and decorations for the pie from the dough.
Open a mailbox or front door with a key.
Try to put on your own shoes, dress, and take off your shoes and undress. To do this, some of the shoes and clothes should be available to the child so that he can dress up whenever he wants. Learn to put on your own gloves. Try lacing up your sneakers.
Help winding threads or rope into a ball (this activity also has a beneficial effect onvision) .
Hang clothes (you need to pull the rope for the child).
Help parents unscrew various plugs - from water canisters, bath foam, toothpaste, etc.
Gather berries in the country or in the forest.
Get something out of a narrow gap under the cabinet, sofa, between furniture.
Look for the edge of the tape. Peel and stick stickers.
Flip through the pages of a book.
Sharpen pencils (sharpener) and erase drawn with an eraser.

Important rules in the development of fine motor skills in children

Classes should resemble a game, not lessons at school. You can come up with some funny story or even a fairy tale along the way.
Games and activities should be systematic. Even while walking, you can massage your baby's hand or collect beautiful pebbles and leaves.
During the game, talk more with the baby, conduct a dialogue, act out scenes.
It is important that the child likes both toys and the process itself - take care of this. And also sincerely show that it also brings you incredible pleasure.
You can't force a little student. Give him a choice. Perhaps he wants to draw, not sculpt - listen to his wishes.
Choose games and activities that are age and developmentally appropriate for your child.
Try as many as you can various ways development of fine motor skills.
But by no means do everything at once.
Do not forget to praise the child for every success - criticism in this matter is absolutely inappropriate!
Control the time - it is for each child individually. Don't overstay or overwork him.
And do not limit children in showing initiative and imagination!

Try to ensure that your child can confidently do the following as a preschooler:

draw using small details in images;
paint without going beyond the outline and leaving no gaps;
cut out large polygonal shapes;
sculpt small parts from plasticine;
fasten and unfasten buttons;
to dress and put on shoes;
lace up shoes and tie shoelaces, fasten zippers;
pour milk from a bag into a cup;
wash and brush your teeth.

Remember that any learning process requires a lot of patience and work. Be wise, considerate and loving parents. Do not neglect forever passing time - use it rationally. It's such a joy to watch your child grow and develop! And take part in this exciting process!